10. SOUTHWARK.
(O.S. 6 in. London, Sheet K.)
The Borough of Southwark includes the parishes
of St. Saviour, St. George the Martyr and Christ
Church, Southwark, and St. Mary, Newington. The
principal monuments are Southwark Cathedral,
the remains of Winchester House and the George
Inn.
Ecclesiastical
Cathedral Church of St Saviour, Southwark
(1) Cathedral Church of St. Saviour (anciently St. Mary Overy) stands on the W. side
of Borough High Street. The 12th-century
walling of the N. transept and chapel is of ragstone rubble. The ashlar and freestone of the
later work is mostly Reigate stone with Purbeck
marble introduced for shafting in the N. transept.
The vault-webs are of chalk. The roofs are covered
with lead. The Priory of St. Mary Overy was
founded by William Pont de l'Arche and William
Dauncey in 1106 for canons-regular of the order
of St. Augustine. Of the early 12th-century
church only two doorways and a recess in the N.
wall of the Nave, possiby the core of the transept
walls and the N. spring of the apse of the N.
transept chapel, now remain. The foundations of
this chapel have, however, been traced beneath
the present pavement. The church at this time
consisted of an aisled nave, transept with one
apsidal eastern chapel probably in both arms and a
presbytery of indeterminate size and form. At
the end of the century the N. transept chapel was
re-built square. The church and most of the
monastic buildings were destroyed by fire in 1212.
The re-building was at once taken in hand and
continued throughout the century. The E. and
N. walls of the Presbytery were first undertaken
with the E. bay of the S. wall, the remainder of
that side following shortly after. The E. ambulatory and chapels are of about the same date and
the nave was re-built contemporaneously. The
general re-building next embraced the N. transept
about 1280, when a large window was inserted in
the S. wall of the ambulatory and two more in the
first bays of the Presbytery aisles. The S.
transept was re-built some thirty years later. The
piers of the central tower were probably re-built
or recased at the same time, and the stage above is
of slightly later date. The church was damaged
by fire temp. Richard II, and in 1390 the altars,
etc., were dedicated by Simon, Bishop of Achonry.
During the 14th century the arches of the E.
presbytery wall were filled in, a window inserted
in the N. wall of the ambulatory and a chapel
built out to the E. of it. Flying buttresses were
also added to the Presbytery. The two upper
stages of the tower were apparently built early in
the 15th century, as in 1424 seven bells were hung
in the tower and the stage below was apparently
at that time a lantern. The nave roof fell in
1469 and was re-built in wood together with that
of the N. transept, under Prior Burton. In the
15th century the parish chapel of St. Mary Magdalene in the angle of the Presbytery and S.
transept was re-built (it had been founded by
Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester (1205–
1243). Early in the 16th century the reredos was
erected by Fox, Bishop of Winchester, and a large
window inserted in the gable above it. The
priory was dissolved on October 27th, 1539, and the
church became parochial, the dedication being
altered to St. Saviour and the parishes of St. Mary
Magdalene and St. Margaret, Southwark, being
amalgamated. The E. ambulatory was walled
off and used as a bake-house, but was restored to
the church in 1576. The church was repaired in
1578. In 1676 the E. end of the church was
damaged by fire and in 1689 the pinnacles of the
tower were altered. The restoration of the
Presbytery was undertaken in 1822, when the
clearstorey, triforium and vault were largely
reconstructed, the E. gable window removed and
modern work substituted, and practically the
whole building refaced externally. At the same
time the chapel of St. Mary Magdalene was
destroyed and the arches between it and the S.
presbytery aisle replaced by walls and windows.
The two arms of the transept were restored in
1830, when an entirely new S. window was inserted
and the projecting chapel E. of the ambulatory
was pulled down. In 1832 the ambulatory was
completely restored, and in 1838 the nave was
pulled down and a pseudo-Gothic building erected
in its place. This building was pulled down in
1890 and the present nave built on the old lines
1890–97.
The planning of the E. ambulatory and chapels
is very unusual, and the Reredos is handsome
early 16th-century work.
Architectural Description—The E. Ambulatory
and Chapel Aisle (39½ ft. by 61½ ft.) is of the same
width as the E. arm and aisles (Plate 109). It
is divided into three bays from E. to W. and
four from N. to S. and dates from the early
13th century. The four bays of the E. wall
have each a triple lancet window all
modern, but reproducing the general lines of
the original work. In the third bay they
take the place of an archway now destroyed,
opening into a projecting eastern chapel (called
the Bishop's Chapel) now destroyed. The E.
wall is finished externally by four modern gables,
each with a triplet of modern lancet windows
lighting the space above the vault. Between the
bays are modern buttresses of two stages tabled
back at the top, and, at the N.E. angle, is a semi-hexagonal turret formerly containing a stairway
to the leads. The facing throughout is entirely
modern. The N. wall has a pointed three-light
window in the E. bay, originally of 14th-century
date but now entirely restored, the lights are
trefoiled and above them is net tracery of large
quatrefoils. The second and third bays have
each a single lancet window all restored on the old
lines with jamb-shafts having moulded capitals
and bases. The S. wall has, in the E. and third bays,
a lancet window uniform with those on the N.
In the second bay is a late 13th-century window of
three trefoiled lights with as many circles in the
pointed head; the mullions and jambs have
attached shafts with foliated capitals and moulded
bases. These windows are all modern restorations
on the old lines. The ambulatory and chapel-aisle are of equal height throughout and are roofed
with a ribbed vault of stone, quadripartite to each
bay and having moulded ribs and springing from
piers and vaulting shafts. The piers consist of
four detached shafts separated by wide hollows
with separate bases to the shafts and continuous
moulded capitals. The vaulting-responds are
each of three engaged shafts with similar capitals
and continuous bases. The vault has been
reconstructed. In the centre of the W. side the
vaulting-shaft is replaced by a moulded corbel
resting on a head-corbel (all restored). The two
arches formerly opening into the presbytery on
the W. are replaced by a solid wall forming the
back of the reredos of the High Altar; the upper
part is enriched with blind tracery of three
trefoiled lights to each bay and much restored.
In each bay is a doorway (see Reredos).
The Eastern Arm or Presbytery (64¾ ft. by 26¼ ft.)
is of early 13th-century date (Plates 106, 108).
The E. wall up to the base of the clearstorey is
concealed by the reredos of Bishop Fox. The two
pointed and moulded arches ranging with the main
arcade, though filled in, are partly visible from the
E. or ambulatory side. At the triforium level the
13th-century wall is pierced by two round-headed
doorways formerly opening from the space over
the vault into the triforium passage, but now
blocked by the reredos. The gable with its three
lancet windows is entirely modern. The N. and S.
walls of the eastern arm are similar and each of
five bays; they date from the first part of the
13th century, the four western bays on the south
being the latest in date. The main arcades
consist of pointed and deeply moulded arches of
three orders having moulded labels on the presbytery-side; they rest on piers alternately circular
and octagonal with a semi-circular respond at the
E. end and a semi-octagonal one at the W. The
inner order of the N. arches rests on circular
detached shafts against these piers, and the inner
order on the S. on corbels of inverted conical
form terminating in head-stops. Three clustered
and attached shafts on the inner or presbytery
face of each pier are carried up to support the
main vault, and similar but smaller groups on the
opposite faces support the aisle vaults. The
moulded bases of the piers follow the outline of
the pier and its accompanying shafts, as do also
the moulded capitals except for the angle-shaft
of the S.E. pier and the presbytery vaultingshafts, round which the abacus only is carried,
as a band-course. The outer order of the E. arch
is stopped above the spring on the E. by a small
moulded capital above a hollow which formerly
contained a short shaft resting on the main capital.
The main arcade, triforium and clearstorey of the
N. side are divided by moulded string-courses
and vertically into bays by the vaulting shafts
which are banded by the triforium string and
finished with deeply moulded capitals at the base
of the clearstorey, the string-course of slightly
different section coincides in level with the abaci of
the capitals. Each bay of the triforium (Plate 107)
has four pointed and moulded arches springing from
piers and responds. Each pier has on the face an
attached circular and filleted shaft with moulded
capital, into the bell of which the fillet is continued
up; the base rests on a square sub-base with
carved spur-ornaments at the other angles. The
responds have plain shafts and a line of dog-tooth ornament. At the back of these arches
is a narrow triforium passage, each main bay of
which is isolated by a solid pier behind the vaulting
shafts. The arches of each sub-division are
carried back against the rear wall in the form of
small barrel vaults, and the piers are tied back
by moulded stone lintels at the springing level,
resting on corbels against the rear wall. One
doorway in each bay gives access to this passage
from the space over the aisle vaults. The jambs
and head have a continuous moulding on the
presbytery side, but are plain behind; on the
N. side and in the E. bay of the S. these doorways
are round-headed, but in the remaining bays on
the S. they are segmental-pointed. The clearstorey consists of a large moulded arch in the
centre of each bay (enclosing a tall lancet-window)
and two narrow side arches, many distorted to
horse-shoe shape; they rest on square piers,
both piers and responds having small attached
shafts with moulded capitals and bases. At the
back runs the clearstorey passage, which is unbroken from E. to W., and the piers are tied to
the wall by a moulded lintel at the spring of the
arches and by a stone tie at a lower level. The
inner reveals of the clearstorey windows are
splayed and have a moulded edge. Externally
the walls are entirely modern with flat gabled
buttresses between the bays and square clasping
buttresses at the E. angles, the N.E. angle being
crowned by an octagonal pinnacle. Between the
first and second and between the third and fourth
bays the clearstorey walls are supported by 14th-century flying buttresses arched below and having a
tabled coping above; they have been entirely refaced. The S. wall of the presbytery is similar to
the N., but has certain indications of a slightly later
date. The mouldings are different, the bases of the
triforium shafts (except in the first bay) have
circular sub-bases, the shafts have no fillets and
the labels of the main arcade terminate in several
instances in foliage-stops. The main vault is
quadripartite with moulded ribs springing off the
level of the base of the clearstorey; the cells are
of chalk. The vault with most of the clearstorey
has been reconstructed.
The North Aisle of the presbytery (13½ ft.
wide) is of early 13th-century date and opens
at the E. end into the ambulatory. In the
N. wall are three windows. That in the E. bay
is of three pointed lights (c. 1280) and is otherwise similar to the middle window in the S. wall
of the ambulatory. In the second and third
bays are single lancet-windows corresponding to
those in the N. wall of the ambulatory. All
these windows are wholly or partly of modern
restoration. In the fifth bay is a square-headed
16th-century doorway to the adjoining chapel.
It has a moulded oak frame with chamfered and
moulded base-stops. The bays of the aisle are
divided by vaulting shafts corresponding to those
against the main arcade piers opposite, with two
attached and one free shaft. The group between
the second and third bays is destroyed below the
capital by a monument. Below the window-sills
internally runs a moulded string-course much
restored. The aisle-vault is quadripartite with
moulded ribs, similar to that over the ambulatory.
The exterior of the wall is entirely refaced.
Opposite the E. presbytery wall is a buttress with
a gabled head, and supporting the flying buttresses
of the presbytery vault are two 14th-century
buttresses of deep projection capped by square
panelled and crocketed pinnacles. The western
of these forms part of the E. wall of the Harvard
Chapel.
The South Aisle of the presbytery (13½ ft.
wide) is similar in general character to that on the
N. In the first bay of the S. wall is a late 13th-century window of three trefoiled lights, otherwise
similar to that in the N. aisle. In the second and
third bays are modern lancet windows with a
modern doorway in the third bay. In the
fourth and fifth bays are modern arches to the
organ-chamber. The four last bays formed an
open arcade to the parish chapel of St. Mary
Magdalene before its destruction in 1822. Much
of the pavement of this chapel still remains in situ
in the graveyard. The exterior of the S. aisle
has three 14th-century buttresses of deep projection, two capped by pinnacles and supporting
flying buttresses, like those to the N. aisle. Some
small portions of original facing remain.
The Central Tower (21 ft. by 26 ft.) rests on four
lofty pointed arches (Plate 108) of which the E.
and W. are 13th-century, the W. being somewhat
the later in date. The N. and S. arches are 14th-century. The E. arch is of four moulded orders on
the W. face and three on the E. The inner order
rests on a moulded and foliated square capital with
a square diminishing shaft under, terminating in
a head-corbel, a man with long hair on the N. and
a mitred bishop or abbot on the S. The W. arch
is of four moulded orders, the inner resting on a
moulded half-round corbel with a short shaft
below terminating in heads, a king on the N. and
a queen on the S., both probably modern. The N.
arch is of three moulded orders, with a moulded
label finishing with head-stops on the S. face, the
western wearing a crown or coronet. The orders
spring from as many attached round shafts
separated by hollow-chamfers and having moulded
capitals and bases, the latter resting on a common
plinth some 11 ft. high. The S. arch is similar to
the N. in every respect, except that the shafts are
carried down and finish with moulded bases at the
floor-level. The springing-line of all the tower
arches is level with the base of the presbytery
clearstorey. A moulded internal string-course,
a short distance above the crowns of these arches,
divides this from the second stage which is open to
the church. A gallery roofed with a pointed barrel
vault is carried round in the thickness of the walls
at this level and communicates by doorways with
the roofs of the presbytery transepts and nave.
It is approached by a circular stairway adjoining
the N.E. tower-pier. The gallery opens to the
crossing by four pointed 14th-century arches in
each face. The two middle arches are coupled with
a free circular shaft between them and attached
shafts to the outer jambs with moulded capitals
and bases. The other arches are similar and all
have moulded labels carried along the wall face as
a string. Above this a course of moulded corbelling supports the flat wood ceiling. The third
stage is of similar date and in the walls, internally,
are remains of arcading or windows of that date.
In each face was a large pointed arch divided into
two lights and flanked by smaller arches, each
equal to one of the lights of the centre arch. The
moulded jambs and mullions have been almost
entirely hacked away, and have recently been
uncovered; the mouldings have, in places, been
restored. The fourth stage with the bell-chamber
above dates from the early 15th century. In each
face are two lofty two-light, transomed windows
with traceried heads; each light has a cinquefoiled head both above and below the transom.
The windows have external moulded labels and a
moulded rear-arch which is original, the rest being
restored. Below the windows, both externally
and internally, is a moulded string-course. The
fifth stage or bell-chamber is marked by a moulded
string-course externally. In each face are two
windows somewhat similar to those in the stage
below, the rear-arches being original. Across the
angles of the tower are pointed stone squinches
for a spire, which was never built. The tower is
finished with an embattled parapet of flint and
stone chequer-work all restored but representing
an ancient feature. At the angles rise lofty
octagonal pinnacles with embattled cornices and
crocketed spirelets, much restored but dating
originally from 1689.
The North Transept (35½ ft. by 25 ft.) is mainly a
late 13th-century building (Plate 111), but the core
of the lower part of the walls is of the 12th century.
It projects three bays from the central tower, the
bays being divided by circular vaulting shafts of
Purbeck marble, with moulded capitals and bases
and banded at the spring of the arcade and at the
base of the clearstorey. A number of lengths of
shafting have been restored in Cornish marble and
all the capitals are modern. The two northern
bays on the E. side of this transept are similar and
have each a pointed wall arch, deeply moulded
and resting on side shafts with moulded bell
capitals and bases and having a moulded label
with restored foliage-stops. The northernmost
shaft is of marble and the others of freestone with
marble capitals. These two arches have each a
sub-arch opening into the 'Harvard Chapel'; the
first of these is of early 12th-century date with a
distorted round head and square responds with
shallow fluted capitals, abaci and necking. The
second arch is modern. The southernmost bay
on the E. side contains the arch to the N. Pres
bytery Aisle. It has a pointed late 13th-century
arch with side-shafts like those to the other bays,
but here the curve on the S. is broken and the arch
is brought vertically down on to the capital.
This arch encloses a pointed early 13th-century
sub-arch, of which the northern jamb is entire,
with moulded angles and an inner moulded order
springing from a moulded corbel resting on a
carved head. The southern half of the arch dies
into the later jamb except for one member of the
inner order which springs from a diminutive corbel.
In this jamb is a pointed doorway to the circular
tower stairway. The combined clearstorey and
triforium is uniform on the E. and W. sides and
each side has three windows; the two northern
pairs are each of two plain pointed lights, with
a pierced spandrel in the pointed head, having
attached shafts to the jambs and mullions with
moulded capitals and bases. The rear-arches are
moulded and spring from similar jamb-shafts.
The southern pair are similar in detail but of one
light only, the lower half of the window being
blocked by a wall following the rake of the adjoining aisle roofs (on the W. this wall is modern).
The triforium passage is carried along the sill
level of these windows, with square-headed
openings in the jambs, but this is not continued
in the N. end of the transept, and is entered from
the aisle-triforium by pointed doorways in the
raking walls before mentioned. All these windows
are largely original late 13th-century work except
the northern pair, which is much restored. The
N. wall of the transept has two late 13th-century
wall arches with jamb-shafts, etc., like those on the
E. wall, but of these only the W. half of the E. arch
retains any considerable amount of original work;
the jambs are, however, mostly original. The plain
wall space behind is at any rate in part 12th-century work, and under the E. arch a short length
of original string-course, with billet-ornament,
remains. Behind the W. bay of this wall is
exposed externally a blocked round-headed doorway of the 12th century, formerly the entrance
to the night-stair from the dorter. The arches
have moulded labels with restored carved stops.
Above the string-course over these arches the wall
is entirely modern with a large four-light geometrical
window. The W. wall is similar to the E. with
three wall-arches to the ground storey, all largely
original late 13th-century work except for the N.
half of the N. arch. The wall-face enclosed by the
two northern arches is modern; the S. arch
encloses an acutely pointed early 13th-century
arch to the N. nave aisle, chamfered on the angles.
The chamfer to the N. half of the arch terminates
at the crown in a minute carved bishop's head.
The transept is covered by a modern plaster-ribbed vault.
The Harvard Chapel (formerly the Sacristy)
(27 ft. by 23 ft.) opens into the N. transept by
the two arches already described. The E. wall
has a modern three-light window. The wall to
the N. of it is of late 12th-century date, and in
the angle is a considerable length of vaulting
shaft with a moulded base and square plinth set
diagonally. The southern part of the E. wall is
of the 14th century much restored and forms the
base of one of the presbytery buttresses. The N.
wall is of late 12th-century date as to its E. half
and of early 12th-century date in the western part,
which formed the spring of an apsidal chapel.
The curve is still visible externally and the foundations of the rest of the chapel have been uncovered.
The South Transept (39½ ft. by 24½ ft.) is entirely
of the early 14th century and projects three bays
from the central tower (Plate 110). In the N. bay
of the E. wall is a pointed arch to the S. presbytery
aisle, with moulded orders towards the transept and
aisle springing from engaged shafts with moulded
capitals and bases (the vaulting shaft adjoining
the S.E. jamb-shaft is of the same date); the
transept side has a moulded label with head-stops,
and the thickness of the wall is supported on three
chamfered ribs dying into the face of the jambs.
The two southern bays on this side have each
a pointed and moulded arch, much restored, stop-chamfered above the floor and formerly opening
into the chapel of St. Mary Magdalene; the N.
arch now opens into the modern organ-chamber;
the S. arch is blocked and pierced by a modern
door. The combined triforium and clearstorey is
separated from the arcade below by a moulded
string-course, the E. and W. sides are similar and
have each three windows of three lights (of c. 1350)
with pointed and traceried heads; the mullions
and jambs have attached shafts with moulded
capitals and bases, and the moulded rear-arches
have similar jamb-shafts. The lower parts of all
these windows are filled in with a modern wall
which rakes up, in the N. pair, along the line of the
aisle-roofs. The triforium-passage is at the sill-level, with square-headed openings in the windowjambs and is carried round the S. end. The S. wall
has two acutely-pointed and moulded wall-arches
similar to those on the E. The central respond
is mostly modern, having been cut away for
a modern doorway and now again restored, the
moulded labels have a carved face-stop to the
central spring. Under the W. of these arches is
the four-centred head of a 15th-century doorway,
now blocked. Above these arches is a large
modern five-light window, the moulded rear-arch
with side shafts is 14th-century. The W. wall is
generally similar to the E. and has in the two S.
bays wall-arches similar to those on the S. The
transept has a modern plaster-ribbed vault with
one 14th-century moulded wall-rib against the
N. wall. The vault springs from groups of three
clustered shafts, carried down to the floor, with
moulded capitals and bases banded by the tri
forium-string; they are of free-stone. Built into
the vaulting-shaft between the second and third
bays on the E. side is a 15th-century carved stone
block (Plate 112), with an enriched nebuly border,
bearing a shield of the Beaufort arms surmounted
by a cardinal's hat. The colours have been
restored. Much of the work of this transept is
modern restoration, especially the window-tracery.
The Nave (103½ ft. by 26 ft.) is entirely modern,
but incorporates a few fragments of 12th, 13th and
14th-century work. The modern building stands
upon the 13th-century foundations and is seven
bays long. The irregular spacing of the aisle
bays, in relation to the arcade, perhaps indicates
that the outer walls follow the divisions of the
12th-century church, and the greater width of the
S. aisle is evidence that it was widened in the
13th-century re-building. The two E. responds
of the nave-arcades are of early 14th-century
date and are half-octagonal on plan with an
attached shaft on the W. face with moulded
capital and base (the latter modern) continued
round the respond. The vaulting-shafts, at this
end, at the triforium-level are also partly of the
same date. The base of the W. wall is largely
13th-century and some old stones are reset in the
W. responds.
The North Aisle (12 ft. wide) incorporates some
ancient portions. In the first bay of the N. wall
is the eastern processional doorway from the
cloister. It is of the middle of the 12th century;
the outer arch has gone and the inner is modern.
The external jambs are recessed in four orders,
the inner with a vertical line of cheveron-ornament
and the three outer with detached circular shafts
banded half-way up and having moulded bases
and capitals with much weathered foliage and
square abaci. The whole is much mutilated and
the outer shaft on the E. is missing. In the
sixth bay is the internal arch of the W. processional
doorway, reset. It is of similar date and of one
chamfered order and is partly restored.
The South Aisle (12 ft. wide). In the seventh bay
of the S. wall, three bays of a 13th-century wall-arcade are reset, with deeply moulded, pointed
arches springing from detached shafts, of which
only the damaged foliated capitals remain. In
place of one capital, the abacus rests on a moulded
corbel.
Roofs. The timber roof over the N. transept
appears to include some ancient timbers, possibly
brought from the old nave when it was unroofed.
The other roofs with their coverings are all modern,
the coverings being either of copper or of lead.
The Monastic Buildings stood on the N. side of
the church. The Cloister, about 90 ft. from E.
to W., flanked the nave on the N., but except for
the two doorways already described nothing now
remains of it. The Chapter House immediately
adjoined the N. transept (it was about 35 ft. by
23 ft.) and had a small vestibule between it and
the E. cloister walk. Traces of it remain against
the N. wall of the church, and in the angle formed
by the spring of the apsidal chapel in the N.
transept is a much weathered vaulting-shaft of
doubtful date, and the offset of the E. wall. The
Dorter Sub-vault running N. from the chapter
house was destroyed early in the 19th century.
Fittings. Brass: In S. aisle of presbytery—on
N.W. pier, to Susanna Barford, 1652, inscription
only. Candelabrum (Plate 7): over middle of
crossing, of brass with ball at lower end inscribed
"The Gift of Dorothy ye relict of Jn° Applebye Esqe
to ye Parish Church of St. Saviour Southwarke
1680," with three radiating rows of scroll-work
branches with modern sconces fitted with electric
lights and with dove immediately below hook of
supporting pendant; pendant of ornamental
wrought-iron scroll-work with four-way projections
in middle enriched with Tudor roses with mitre
below and crown above, probably a later addition.
Chair (Plate 112): In S.E. chapel of Ambulatory—
with turned and square legs and posts, carved rails
to seat, shaped elbows, and a back hinged to the
elbows with screwed oak pins to form a table-top;
the inside of back (underside of table-top) carved
in low relief with a round-headed panel and a
border and inlaid with a vase containing foliage
and flowers: border of carving on upper surface
of table-top: early 17th-century. Chest: In
N. transept—set on low modern stand, chest
(Plate 113) of oak with front in five bays, the
middle bays flanked by Ionic pilasters tapering
downwards and having round-headed panels, and
the end bays by Doric pilasters, all ornamented with
inlay foliage-work of coloured woods and standing
on pedestals enriched with inlay arabesque-work
and supporting a continuous entablature with
triglyphs and strapwork ornament in relief in
the frieze; within end bays, small round-headed
recesses inlaid respectively with achievements-of-arms of Offley and Harding, and similar recess
in middle bay with inlay of vase of flowers;
intermediate bays treated in imitation of masonry
with imitation window-frame in middle enclosing
panel of flowers and strapwork in inlay, with
moulded sill and eared architrave surmounted by
inlaid frieze, dentilled cornice and a pediment;
base with moulded plinth and capping with
panelled drawers to middle and end bays which
project slightly, and inlay foliage-work to intermediate bays representing conventional groups
of buildings with towers. Ends of chest with
Doric fluted angle-pilasters enclosing moulded
panels with inlaid arabesque-work and resting on
decorated moulded base with jewel-ornament.
Lid contains three flush panels, the end panels
decorated with arabesque-work and middle panel
with merchant's mark incorporating initials
H.H.O.; said to have been given by Hugh Offley
and his father-in-law Robert Harding in 1588.
Coffins and Coffin-lids: In N. transept—on floor
against N. wall, tapering stone coffin with remains
of lid in two portions with hollow-chamfered edge
and top carved in relief with ornamental cross with
a sun, a moon and two stars between the arms,
mid 13th-century. In S. transept—large stone
coffin with shaped head and two draining holes,
13th-century. Communion Table (Plate 15): In
E. ambulatory—of oak (?) with moulded lower rails
on ball-feet and twisted legs with moulded bases
and Corinthian capitals, grouped in fours at the
corners, supporting entablatures and moulded top;
front partially filled with shaped ornamental panel
with carved circular panel in middle carved with
IHS with surrounding cherub-heads and flanked
at top by cherub-heads and doves carved in the
round, early 18th-century. Door: re-used between
N. aisle of presbytery and the Harvard Chapel—
square-headed in two vertical panels with central
moulded rib and studded with flat-headed nails;
small ring-handle decorated with serpents, and
having a pierced sex-foil plate; plain strap-hinges
set in moulded frame with shaped stops to jambs,
early 16th-century, repaired. Glass: In Harvard
Chapel—in E. window, square panel with arms of
Queen Elizabeth within a Garter, in yellow stain
and enamel brown line on white glass, late 16th-century with modern repair. Niche: In N.
transept—in N. wall, with rebated jambs and
square head; formerly divided by central mullion
now broken away; above head shallow trefoiled
panel, late 13th-century. Monuments and Floorslabs: Monuments: In ambulatory—against E.
wall, (1) an emaciated recumbent stone effigy in
a shroud, 15th-century; (2) to Nicholas Norman,
waterman, 1629, and Elizabeth his wife, 1629–30,
slab with inscription; on S. wall, (3) to James
Shaw, Alice his wife, 1693, Capt. Joseph Williams
her nephew, and Alice his daughter, wife of
William Overman, 1697, tablet with broken
curved pediment and achievement-of-arms. In
presbytery—on N.E. pier, (4) to John Hayman,
1646, merchant-tailor, inscription; (5) to Richard
Humble, alderman, Margaret (Pierson) his first
and Isabel (Hinclimmon) his second wife, who
survived him, and Elizabeth his daughter interred
with her father in 1616, altar-tomb (Plate 114),
surmounted by kneeling figures of man and his two
wives in early 17th-century costume under round-headed canopy with attached square Ionic pilasters
at the angles on panelled pedestals and supporting
entablature surmounted by Jacobean cresting with
achievement-of-arms in middle of each side and
obelisk at the angles; panelled base with moulded
plinth and capping and figures of six children in
relief in panels, erected by Peter, son of Richard,
and restored in 1873; on S.E. pier, (6) to William
Mayhew, 1609, tablet with inscription; on S. side,
within easternmost bay, (7) of Lancelot Andrewes,
Bishop of Winchester, 1626, altar-tomb (Plate 115)
surmounted by painted recumbent effigy (Plate 123)
of bearded man wearing skull cap, small ruff,
rochet and mantle of the Garter with right arm
folded across his breast and holding book in hand;
modern inscription-tablet at end of tomb, and
detached slab near by of polished black slate or
touch bearing painted inscription probably of 1703;
modern canopy, with reset shield-of-arms of the
see of Winchester impaling Andrewes supported
by allegorical figures of Justice and Fortitude;
formerly in the Bishop's Chapel; has been twice
moved and restored in 1703, 1810 and 1919. In
N. aisle of presbytery—under easternmost window,
(8) altar-tomb with recumbent effigy (Plate 122) in
oak of man in mail-armour with coif and long surcoat, leather breeches, legs crossed and right hand
sheathing his sword, c. 1270, set within recessed
canopy with cusped segmental head and panelled
soffit, 15th-century; beneath second window from
the E., (9) altar-tomb, with plain top within recessed
canopy uniform with recess to (8) with traces of
red, blue and gold and 18th-century or modern
inscription-slab at back of recess to Thomas Cure,
1588, with Latin epitaph; (10) of John Trehearne,
[1618], and his wife, wall-monument (Plate 116) with
three-quarters length painted figures of man and
wife wearing ruffs and in costumes of the period, on
either side of and with hands on inscription-panel,
set in recess flanked by panelled and enriched
Corinthian pilasters carved in low relief with
trophies of death, lamps, books, fruit, etc., and
supporting entablatures with continuous cornice
having coffered soffit; on back of recess, two
shields and one achievement-of-arms, base flanked
by panelled pilasters with, in middle, panel carved
in relief with kneeling figures of two sons and four
daughters; (11) to John Symons, 1625, plain
inscription-tablet; (12) to John Morton, 1631,
tablet with broken pediment and achievement-of-arms; (13) to John Gawen, 1647, panel of painted
wood with shield-of-arms. In N. transept—
against N. wall, (14) of Lionel Lockyer, 1672, with
reclining effigy (Plate 116) of man in full wig and
costume of the period on plain slab supported on
pulvinated pedestal; above slab Ionic columns supporting entablature with large winged cherub-head
in middle of entablature and broken curved pediment enclosing cartouche-of-arms; behind figure,
inscription-panel flanked by panels carved with
branches of palms; monument repaired 1741; (15)
of Richard Blisse, 1703, and Elizabeth (Matthew)
his wife, 1729–30 (Plate 118), with bust of man
wearing full-bottomed wig, set in front of recess
under draped canopy flanked by panelled Corinthian pilasters supporting entablatures and shaped
pediment surmounted by two flaming vases and
cartouche-of-arms; inscription-panel below with
moulded base and winged skulls as corbels, and
flanked by scroll-brackets and cherub-heads, all
surmounted by gadrooned shelf supporting at
sides weeping cherubs or putti; on W. wall,
(16) to Joyce, 1626, wife first to James Austin and
afterwards to Sir Robert Clerke, Baron of the
Exchequer, wall-monument (Plate 119) with draped
inscription-tablet in form of winnowing fan and
shield-of-arms on a broken spade in base and,
in upper part, winged allegorical figure of Agriculture standing on a rock, through which twines
a serpent and from which spouts water, and
surrounded by wheat-sheaves, all between panelled
pilasters carved with emblems of the harvest,
surmounted by cornice and broken curved pediment and flanked by seated figures of mourning
harvesters, erected 1633, restored 1706, 1764 and
again in 1831; (17) to William Austin, 1633–4,
inscription-tablet of black marble. In S. transept
—on W. wall, (18) to William Hare, 1698, grocer,
white marble tablet with shield-of-arms on carved
apron and almost obliterated painted inscription
to Mary his wife, 1714; (19) of John Bingham, 1625,
saddler, wall-monument (Plate 117) in two stages
with lower stage in form of double round-headed
recess enclosing inscription-panel with frame of
strapwork, female busts, etc., and two shields-of-arms, the recess flanked by fluted Corinthian pilasters
supporting entablature surmounted by upper
stage with half-length figure of man in costume of
period in round-headed recess, flanked by scrollbrackets and surmounted by cornice and achievement of arms; (20) to William Em[er]son, 1575,
with small effigy of emaciated recumbent figure
on moulded shelf with inscription-panel above,
flanked by pilasters supporting a continuous cornice; (21) to Richard Benefeld, tablet (Plate 117)
flanked by scrolls and pendants of husks and carrying entablature and curved pediment, on which
are seated putti holding skulls, in middle, shaped
pedestal supporting a bust of man in mid 17th-century costume, undated, middle of the 17th-century; (22) to Margaret, daughter of John
Maynard, 1653–4, small inscription-tablet with
moulded cornice. In N. aisle—against N. wall,
(23) of John Gower, the poet, 1408, altar-tomb
(Plate 120) recessed in wall with base panelled with
seven cinquefoiled panels with painted inscription
on upper moulding: "Hic jacet J Gower Arm:
Angl. poeta celeberrimus ac huic sacro edificio
benefac: insignis temporibus Edw III & Rich II
et Hen'i II(II) . . .," painted recumbent effigy
(Plate 122) of poet, bearded and wearing metal
fillet round hair inscribed IHU MERCI and
decorated with roses, head resting on three
books entitled "Vox clamantis," "Speculum
meditantis" and "Confessio Amantis"; collar
of SS round neck; dressed in long gown buttoned down the front; hands in prayer and
feet resting on lion; recess with moulded
jambs and vaulted soffit and canopy above
divided into three bays by pinnacles and with
cinquefoiled arches with ogee crocketed labels
and finished with horizontal moulded cornice;
surface between bays of head with two ranges of
trefoil-headed panels; on E. wall of recess,
shield-of-arms of Gower, argent on a cheveron
azure three leopards heads or, surmounted by a
helm with the crest of a talbot; not in situ,
removed twice and re-erected; restored in 1748
and with colour renewed. Floor-slabs. In E.
ambulatory—(1) to Rev. William Hoare, D.D.,
1687–8, with shield-of-arms and late 18th-century
inscription below; partly hidden by modern
furniture, (2) to Elizabeth (. . . rley), wife of
Capt. Francis Grove, 1683; (3) to Capt. John
Snell, 16[81] (?) Martha his wife, 1711, and others
later with shield-of-arms; (4) to Rebeckah
(Englebert) wife of St. John Harvey, 1696,
achievement-of-arms and later inscription below;
partly hidden by southernmost altar-platform,
(5) to Robert, son of John Chilcott, also Joseph and
Ancilla Chilcott, 1658; (6) to Elizabeth, daughter
of Richard Bliss, in infancy, 1679–80: formerly
a head-stone with skull and crossbones in relief;
(7) to Francis Zouch, 1691–2, also four sons, four
daughters and two grandchildren, also Charles
another son, 1702, Mary wife of Francis, 1718–19,
and others later; (8) with marginal-inscription
in Lombardic capitals to Aleyn Ferthing,
14th-century, said to have been brought from
St. Margaret at Hill. In presbytery—(9) to
Anne, 1654, wife of Samuel Warcupp, Bailiff of
Southwark, with shield-of-arms; (10) white
stone slab with shield-of-arms and obliterated
inscription, 17th-century; (11) to Thomas Horne,
partly obliterated; shield-of-arms, probably
early 18th-century; (12) to Samuel Robert
and Antony, sons of Antony Rous, 16..;
(13) to Mary, wife of Christopher Flower, 1701,
with later inscription to her husband, 1706;
(14) to Thomas, son of Christopher Flower, 1701;
(15) to John Appleby, 1680, and his wife Dorothy,
1682, with shield-of-arms. In N. aisle of presbytery—(16) to Joseph Day, 1682, and Mary,
his wife, 1701. In S. aisle of presbytery—now
hidden by chest, (17) to [William] Austin, [1699],
with shield-of-arms; (18) to Peter Ely, 1675, and
other members of the same family of later date;
(19) to Dorithy Howard, 1665; (20) to Stephen
Osborne, 1704, his three sons "whose nemes was
Stephen," his daughters, Elizabeth and Merrial,
and later inscription to his sixth child, 1714, and
his wife Merrial, 1732. In graveyard—S. side, W.
of S. transept, to William Pan[nail] (?), 16[8 ?]5,
with shield-of-arms. Painting: In Harvard
Chapel—in modern frame, of the dead Christ with
saints grouped around and two cherubs at the
foot, by Benvenuto Garofalo, 1481–1559. Plate:
includes two inscribed cups of 1689, given in
1690; a stand-paten of 1689; a large inscribed
flagon of 1664, with inscription recording gift to
the church by Eliza Bliss in 1703 and lozenge-of-arms; foreign cup with small bowl and moulded
stem with repoussé ornament, broad base with
convex lobes, 17th-century; two 17th-century
brass candlesticks, probably Italian; also a
pendant, said to have belonged to Bishop
Andrewes, and consisting of a plum-stone
carved with the 'George' and initials N.B. on
one side and a coloured head of James I (?) on
the other, all enclosed in a glass locket mounted in
gold. Recess: In N. aisle of nave—in seventh
bay of N. wall, with chamfered segmental arch
springing from jamb-shafts, the western with
partly restored moulded base and capital with
square abacus, 12th-century, the E. jamb and
shaft modern. Reredos (Plate 106): To high altar,
said to have been built by Bishop Fox in 1520, but
now largely of 18th-century and later restoration.
In three stages, the lowest stage of three bays, the
middle bay behind the altar table mostly modern,
the side bays each containing a doorway with
moulded jambs and ogee head and splayed
segmental rear-arch panelled with tracery; each
doorway flanked by canopied niche and surmounted by two smaller similar niches; the two
upper stages have each a large central niche with
five narrower niches on either hand, all canopied:
the niches are separated by crocketed and finialled
buttresses and contain brackets for images. The
stages are divided by rows of busts of angels
holding scrolls, books, musical instruments, etc.,
their continuity being broken by the central niches
and those over the doorways. The cornice is
carved with demi-figures of angels holding between
them shields-of-arms, and is finished with brattishing. All the niches contain modern images. Royal
Arms: In Harvard Chapel—on N. wall, painted
on wood with background showing interior of a
circular room, royal arms of Queen Anne after the
Union, with supporters of two female figures with
lion and unicorn in the foreground; in moulded
frame with cresting of a crown, skull and crossbones and acanthus; arms partly repainted. In
vestry—of royal Stuart arms, carved in wood and
painted. Stoup: On W. side of W. wall of N.
transept, with ogee head and mutilated square
bowl, much weathered, 14th-century. Swordrests: In Harvard Chapel—of painted scrollironwork, probably late 17th-century with modern
lozenge-shaped shield and crown on top. In
N. transept—on N. wall, of wood (Plate 15),
painted in red, black and gold, with carved scrolls at
base and sides with two cartouches flanking upper
part, one carved with the arms of the City,
the other with a merchant's mark and device
surmounted by lion's mask and blank shield
surrounded by a garter with a crown above, dated
1674; formerly in St. Olave's Church, Tooley
Street. Table: In presbytery, with end posts,
carved brackets and shields-of-arms at top,
middle rail supporting arcade of eight round arches
with carved shafts, carved end-rails with drops,
early 17th-century, repaired. In Harvard Chapel,
with groups of twisted turned legs, plain rails, top
rail as moulded entablature, early 18th-century,
formerly in St. Thomas, Southwark. Miscellanea:
In S. aisle of presbytery, 36 bosses (Plate 121) from
late 15th-century roof of nave destroyed in 1830,
variously carved, including Tudor flowers, roses,
foliage and parts of 'black-letter' inscriptions, a
sunflower, foliage and monogram MAR, grotesque
masks, Hell's mouth, a hawk within a wreath, a
crowned male head, a heraldic device of a tun with
three flowers rising from the top with two seated
dogs for supporters (for Henry Burton Prior), a
shield within a wreath, or a cross engrailed with a
cinqfoil gules in the quarter (for the Priory?)
a 'pelican in her piety' within a wreath, winged
monsters within wreaths and two shields-of-arms,
(a) with a chief lozengy and (b) a cheveron. In floor
of S. aisle—at W. end, reset portion of Roman pavement consisting of irregular terra-cotta tesserae
forming no regular pattern, found within church
precinct. Two similar pieces are lying loose on
the seat at W. end of the N. aisle. In N. aisle—
at W. end, wooden figures (Plate 113) of two
angels, one with a trumpet and figure of David (?)
with a harp, from the old organ; in case, miscellaneous fragments of Roman pottery found during
excavations, yellow and red slip-tiles of 13th-century and later date, portion of a mediæval stoup,
13th-century foliated carving, etc., against W. wall,
considerable amount of worked stone of 12th-century and later date, including parts of scalloped
capitals, cheveron-moulding, moulded and carved
capitals and bases, portions of moulded shafting,
part of a coffin-lid with remains of inscription
in Lombardic characters ". . . LING"; in
recess in N. wall, miscellaneous stonework, including three scalloped capitals, portion of a
carved foliage-frieze, a 12th-century capital
carved with two dragons with necks intertwined,
two sets of coupled capitals with acanthus-foliage,
also 12th-century and other capitals and bases
of 13th and 14th-century date.
Condition—Good, much restored.
(2) Parish Church of St. George the Martyr
stands on the E. side of Borough High Street.
It was entirely re-built in 1734–36.
Fittings—Brasses and Indent. Brasses: In N.
aisle—on E. wall, (1) to John Jones, 1600–01,
inscription only. In S. aisle—on E. wall, (2) to
Etheldred (Pecoke) wife of Sir George Reynell,
Knight Marshall of the King's Bench, 1618,
inscription only. Indent: In N. aisle—of inscription-plate. Chairs: In chancel–two, with turned
framing, carved and scrolled back and front rail,
c. 1690–1700. Paintings: On wall over gallery—of
Moses and Aaron, in carved oak frames, late
17th-century, from St. Michael, Wood Street.
Plate: includes cup of 1559; cup of 1640 given
by Thomas Dudson; flagon of 1696 and a second
flagon, probably of 1699, both given by A.G.A.;
salver of 1696, with inscription recording gift by
Lawrence James in 1627; paten of 1696, with the
date 1573 on the underside of the base and perhaps
repaired at the later date; paten of 1710, with
Greek and Latin inscriptions. Royal Arms:
On front of gallery—carving of royal Stuart arms.
Condition—Re-built.
(3) Parish Church of Christ Church, Southwark, stands on the W. side of Blackfriars Road.
It was originally built in 1671, but was entirely
re-built in 1738–41.
Fittings—Bells: eight and sanctus; 1st by
James Bartlet, 1700. Chest (Plate 7): In vestry
—of iron, with straps of same material, two hasps
and lock in front and handle at each end, under
lid; lock with elaborate mechanism and enrichments, late 16th-century, probably German.
Floor-slab: In N. aisle—to Elizabeth, Eleanor,
1707, Matilda, 1704, Edward and Anne Jackson.
Gallery: modern, but incorporating some late
17th-century woodwork. Stalls: modern, but
incorporating some early 18th-century twisted
balusters.
Condition—Re-built.
Secular
(4) Remains of Winchester House, incorporated in warehouse on S. side of Clink Street,
100 yards N.W. of Southwark Cathedral. The
walls are of rag-stone rubble with dressings of
Reigate stone. The Great Hall and adjoining
parts of the house of the bishops of Winchester
were re-built c. 1340, and of this building the W.
gable, part of the S. wall and an extension of the
same wall, towards the W., are still standing.
The Great Hall stood upon a basement, and near
the W. end of the S. wall of this building is an
original doorway, now blocked; it has chamfered
jambs and a segmental-pointed head. Above
this, in the S. wall of the Hall itself, is another
doorway (Plate 8), also original; it has shafted
jambs and a two-centred arch of two moulded
orders, all much mutilated; E. of this doorway are
some traces of a former buttress and further E.
are portions of the W. jamb of a window. In the
W. wall of the Hall are three blocked doorways,
each with moulded jambs and two-centred arch;
they were evidently at the back of the former
'screens.' In the gable above is a blocked
original window; it was round, about 12 ft. in
diameter, and was filled with tracery; only the
moulded opening is now visible.
Condition—Fragmentary, but in good repair.
Borough High Street, E. side
(5) House and Shop, No. 71, 200 yards S. of
Southwark Cathedral, is of three storeys with
attics; the walls are of brick and the roofs are
covered with slates. It was built in 1676, or
shortly after, by Nicholas Hare, grocer. The W.
front has a brick band between the upper storeys,
interrupted by a carved stone panel, with a leaping
hare, a sun and the initials and date N.H.A., 1676.
Condition—Poor; demolished 1928.
(6) George Inn, 15 yards S. of (5), is of three
storeys with attics and cellars. The walls are
partly of brick and partly timber-framed; the
roofs are tiled. It was built late in the 17th
century around the existing courtyard, but of the
original building only the S. side now remains.
The building is of interest as the sole surviving
example of a galleried inn in London.
The western half of the existing wing (Plate 124)
has two ranges of galleries at the first and second
floor levels, the lower one supported on cantilever
beams and the upper and the roof-front supported
on wooden posts in the form of columns and
dividing the galleries into six bays; each gallery
has a balustrade of turned balusters with a moulded
rail; the wall at the back of the galleries is of
brick. The eastern half of the range is of brick
with a band between the upper storeys. Inside
the building, the western room on the ground floor
has a fireplace with a segmental wooden lintel and
stone jambs. The staircase has straight moulded
strings and balusters, similar to those in the
galleries.
Condition—Fairly good.
(7) Houses and shops, Nos. 195 and 197,
100 yards N. of St. George's Church, are of three
storeys with attics and cellars; the walls are of
brick. They were built, probably, c. 1700 but
have been much altered. Inside the buildings,
the upper part of one staircase is original and has
straight moulded strings, turned balusters and
square newels. Some fireplaces have original
moulded surrounds.
Condition—Fairly good.
W. side
(8) House, No. 22, 20 yards N.E. of Bedale
Street, is of three storeys with attics and cellars;
the walls are of brick and the roofs are tiled. It
was built, probably, late in the 17th century, but
the front portion is of later date. The doorway
on the E. front, not in situ, is flanked by carved
Corinthian pilasters, supporting an entablature
and a pediment enclosing a cartouche with the
date 1663. Inside the building, the room on the
ground floor is lined with late 16th or early 17th-century panelling and has a panelled door with
cock's-head hinges. Above the fireplace are six
carved panels, of foreign workmanship, with
scenes from the parable of the wise and foolish
virgins.
Condition—Good.
(9) Calverts, house behind No. 50, and 30 yards
S. of Southwark Street, is of two storeys with
cellars; the walls are timber-framed and plastered.
It was built, probably, in the 17th century and
the upper storey projects on the S. side. Inside
the building are some exposed ceiling-beams.
Condition—Good.
(10) Houses and shops, Nos. 146 and 148,
130 yards S. of Union Street, are of three storeys
with attics and cellars; the walls are of brick.
They were built, probably, late in the 17th century.
The E. front has two projecting bays, carried up
from the first-floor level to the full height of the
building. The back elevation has brick bands
between the storeys. Inside the building is an
early 18th-century staircase with moulded strings,
turned balusters and square newels with ball-caps.
There are two fireplaces with moulded surrounds
and an original panelled door.
Condition—Fairly good.
(11) Houses and shops, Nos. 150, 152 and 154,
adjoining (10) on the S., are of three storeys with
attics and cellars; the walls are of brick and the
roofs are tiled. They were built in the 17th
century, but have been much altered. On the
E. front, No. 152 has a projecting bay at the
second-floor level, with a cornice. In the same
house is a staircase with flat wavy balusters and
square newels with ball-caps; in the front room,
on the first floor, is part of a modelled plaster
ceiling with scrolled foliage.
Condition—Fairly good.
(12) Houses and shops, Nos. 32 and 34, on the
S. side of Sumner Street, 20 yards W. of Canvey
Street, are of two storeys with attics; the walls
are of brick and plastered timber-framing and the
roofs are tiled. They were built late in the 17th
century, but have been altered and re-fronted.
Inside the building some of the timber-framing
is exposed.
Condition—Fairly good.
(13) House, now offices and tenements at
Honduras Wharf, on the S. side of Bankside,
80 yards E. of Holland Street, is of two storeys with
attics and cellars; the walls are of brick and the
roofs are tiled. It was built early in the 18th
century, but has been partly re-built at the S. end.
The W. front has a brick band between the storeys;
the doorway has a cornice over, supported by two
large and one small scrolled bracket; between the
brackets is carved scroll-work. Inside the building, the two main rooms on the ground floor have
panelling with cornice and dado-rail; the fireplace
in the N. room has a moulded stone surround and
a cornice with carved enrichment. The staircase
has cut strings with carved brackets, twisted
balusters and newels in the form of fluted columns.
The rooms on the first floor have plain panelling,
and the walls of the hall and staircase are also
panelled.
Condition—Good.
(14) House, two tenements, Nos. 9 and 11, on
the S.W. side of Holland Street, 130 yards S. of
Bankside, is of two storeys with attics and cellars;
the walls are of brick and the roofs are tiled. It
was built early in the 18th century.
Condition—Poor.
(15) House, No. 61, on the E. side of Holland
Street, 90 yards N. of Southwark Street, is of two
storeys with attics and cellars; the walls are of
brick and the roofs are tiled. It was built c. 1700
and has on the N.E. front a cornice between the
storeys; the doorway has flanking pilasters and
scrolled brackets supporting a flat moulded hood;
the eaves have a wooden cornice. Inside the
building, the rooms have plain panelling and on
the ground floor is a moulded ceiling-beam. The
forecourt of the house has early 18th-century
wrought-iron railings and a gate with an overthrow.
Condition—Bad.
(16) 'Fishermen's Houses,' Nos. 72 to 80, on
the S.E. side of Collingwood Street, opposite
Christ Church, are of two storeys, timber-framed
and weather-boarded; the roofs are tiled. They
were built late in the 17th century. Inside
No. 78 is part of the original staircase with turned
balusters. There are also some original battened
doors.
Condition—Good.
(17) House, Nos. 13 and 15, Upper Ground
Street, at the E. corner of Bennett Street, is of
three storeys; the walls are of brick and the roofs
are tiled. It was built in the 17th century and
re-fronted early in the 18th century.
Condition—Poor.