L

LAMBERT, Isaac.

Co Co Aldgate, 1683 St Catherine Creechurch, 1688 (1) MT (2) d 1688 (1) Will PCC 138 Exton pr, 26 May 1688 mar Jane (3) ? Silk thrower (4) Had a legacy of £4,500 in wares and merchandise from Richard Richardson of Aldgate ward, silk thrower (4) City property (1) Tory, 1683, 1687 (5)

(1) Will (2) Will, H of L, MS 154 (f) (3) Will of Richard Richardson PCC 85 Mico, 1666 (4) Will of Richard Richardson (5) SP/29/435/101, H of L, MS 154 (f)

LAMBERT, Roger

Co Co Farringdon Without (St Dunstan-in-the-West), 1664-71 St Dunstan-in-the-West, 1664, 1671, White Friars, 1677 (1) EMB (2) b 1616, d 1679 (3) Will PCC 108 King pr, 13 Aug 1679 mar (B) at St Mary Magdalen Old Fish Street, Elizabeth, da of Edward Maddison of St Dunstan-in-the-West, lawyer (3) Land Lincs (£400 p a) (2)

(1) VBk, St Dunstan-in-the-West, will (2) Will (3) Boyd 34402

LAMOTT, Samuel

Co Co Bridge, 1673-5 Wheatsheaf Alley, near Fishmongers' Hall, Thames Street, St Michael Crooked Lane, 1677, 2nd Prec Thames Street, 1688 (1) CLO, fr, 1653, by R, M, 1690 (2) b 1622 (3) Will PCC 16 Bond pr, 24 Feb 1695/6 mar (A) Anne, (B) 1656, Adriana Newport of St Martin in the Fields (3) Merchant (4)

(1) Directory, 1677, WMBk, Bridge (2) Will, CLO, Records, Boyd 38259 (3) Boyd 38259 (4) Directory, 1677

LAND, Richard.

Co Co Coleman Street, 1663 (1) St Stephen Coleman Street, 1663 (1) Cf Richard Land, merchant, bur Highgate Middx Will PCC 88 Carr pr, 19 Jun 1667

(1) VBk, St Stephen Coleman Street

LANE, Benjamin.

Co Co Langborn, 1689 (1) 'The Rose', Exchange Alley, 1694-1717, Lombard Street, 1684, 1694- 1717, Lombard Street Prec, St Edmund, 1689, Hornchurch, Essex, 1717 (2) GOLD, appr, 1659, to Robert Cordwell, fr, 1670, L, 1680, PW, 1717 (3) d 22 Oct 1717 (4) Will PCC 193 Whitfield pr, 25 Oct 1717 f Thomas Lane of Burfield, Salop, gent, mar (A) Hannah, (B) Susannah (5) Goldsmith Servant and book-keeper, 1671-2, to Rowe and Green, goldsmiths at 'The George', Lombard Street (6) ? Tory, not Whig (7)

(1) VBk, St Edmund (2) Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 191, Hilton Price, Handbook, p 100, VBk, St Edmund (3) Boyd 801, GOLD, Appr Reg, II, f 106, Index of Appr (4) GOLD, Index of Appr (5) GOLD, Appr, Reg, II, f 106, Boyd 801, will (6) Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 191, Hilton Price, Handbook, p 100 (7) H of L, MS 154 (h)

LANE, John

Ald Farringdon Within, 23 Jun-2 Jul 1668, disch, F £420 (1) Co Co Cheap, 1671-81 (2) Cheapside, 1681, St Lawrence Lane, 1677, St Lawrence Jewry, 1648, 1671 (3) CLO, M, 1671 (4) b c 1621, living, 1687, bur ? 15 Feb 1699/1700, St Lawrence Jewry (5) f Francis Lane, MER, of St Lawrence Jewry and AH Honey Lane, merchant, "born in St Lawrence Lane", m Mary Carter, mar (A) Elizabeth Taylor of -, Staff, (B) Ann, wid of Ald Weldon, da of Sir John Trevor, sis of Sir John Trevor, Sec of State (6) Merchant Dep Gov Irish Society, 1673-4 (removed) (7) Whig, "Separatist, but he received ye Sacrament to qualify him for a Common Councilman" 1681 (8) Father of Thomas LANE Bro-in-law of William JUSTICE Da Mary mar Paul Foley, of Stoke Edith, Speaker of the House of Commons (9)

(1) Beaven, I, p 150 (2) 1681 SP/29/417/112 (3) SP/29/ 417/114, Directory, 1677, Boyd 7573, VBk, St Lawrence Jewry (4) Beaven, II, p 103, Journ 48, f 19b (5) LVP, 1687, in MG et H, NS, I, p 186 The will that Beaven ascribes (II, p 103) to Ald John Lane (PCC 113 Dycer, 1675), is that of John Lane of the Inner Temple (see Vis Bucks, 1634, and MG et H, NS, I, p 186) A neph, "John Lane of St Lawrence Lane, London, Esq", mentioned in the above will, is probably the Ald and Co Co (6) LVP, 1687, Boyd 7572, 25517 The father was s of Robert Lane of Hitchenden, Bucks (7) Directory, 1677, Le Neve, p 416, Journ 48, f 19b (8) SP/29/417/112 (9) LVP, 1687, Le Neve, p 416, Beaven, II, p 190

LANE, Thomas

Ald Candlewick, 19 Oct 1688-24 Mar 1708/9 (d) (1) St Lawrence Lane, 1708, St Lawrence Jewry, Hampstead, Middx (2) CLO, M, 1689 (3) bap 7 Nov 1652, at St Lawrence Jewry, d 24 Mar 1708/9, bur St Lawrence Jewry (4) Will PCC 79 Lane pr, 29 Apr 1709 f John LANE, m Elizabeth Taylor, mar (A) Mary, da of Henry ASHURST (A), (B) Elizabeth, wid of Sir Thomas Cuddon, Chamberlain of the City (5) Merchant and mercer (6) Kt, 30 Jul 1688 Sheriff, 1692-3, LM, 1694-5 (7) Bro-in-law of Henry (B) and William ASHURST (8) Col Red Regt, 1689-90, 1694-1702

(1) Beaven, I, p 86 (2) Le Neve, p 147, Boyd 7574 (3) Beaven, II, p 116 (4) Boyd 7574 (5) Boyd 7574, Beaven, II, p 190, Boyd 9044, Le Neve, p 417, will (6) LVP, 1687, in MG et H, NS, I, p 186 (7) Beaven, II, p 116, I, p 86 (8) Boyd 9044

[? LANE, - Smyth, Obituary, p 100, d 19 Sep 1673 "Mr Lane on[e] of ye Common Councell of ye City"]

LANGBRIDGE, Thomas

Co Co Dowgate, 1681-3, 1689-1708 Campion Lane, 1679, AH the Great, 1674, ChW, 1685 (1) BS (2) b 1644 (3) f ? Thomas Langbridge, BS, surgeon of London, mar 1674, St Peter le Poor, Hester Stanley (4) Tory ("good", 1682) (5) Educ MTS, 1655-60 (3)

(1) VBk, AH the Great, Boyd 42896 (2) Boyd 42896 (3) Boyd 52194 (4) Boyd 42896, 52194 (5) SP/29/418/199

LANGHAM, John

Ald Portsoken, 11 Jan 1641 /2-29 Aug 1648 removed to Bishopsgate-7 Apr 1649 removed by order of the House of Commons Restored 4 Sep 1660, by order of the King, but did not act, disch, 18 Sep 1660, in consideration of his great age and infirmity (1) ? St Martin Outwich, Cottesbrooke, Northants, 1670 (2) GR, W, 1638, 1640 (3) bap 20 Apr 1584, at All Saints, Northampton, d 13 May 1671, bur ? Cottesbrooke (4) Will PCC 79 Duke pr, 21 Jun 1671 f Edward Langham of Gillesborrow, Northants, m Ann, da of John West of Coten, Northants, mar 1620, Mary, wid of Capt Thomas Ingoldsby, da of James Bunce LS, of Gracechurch Street (5) Turkey merchant Comm EIC, 1626-7, 1628-42 Co Assis LC, 1621-32, 1634-8, Treas, 1632-4, Gov, 1654 (6) City property (including Crosby House-hired to nonconformists), land Northants (7) Kt, 25 May 1660, cr Bt, 1660 Sheriff, 1642-3 (8) MP London, 1654-5, Southwark, 1660 (9) Presbyterian (10) Bro-in-law of James BUNCE Da Anne mar Sir Martin Lumley, 2nd Bt, da Elizabeth mar Sir Philip Boteler, KB Son and heir Sir James Langham Bt mar (A) Mary da of Sir Edward, niece of Penning ALSTON, (B) Lady Elizabeth Hastings (£10,000 marriage portion) Uncle of William VINCENT (11)

(1) Beaven, I, pp 183, 38, 41 (2) Will (3) Beaven, I, p 41, Boyd 5019 (4) Boyd 5019, will (5) Boyd 5019, 9174, Vis Bucks, 1634, p 76 (6) Pink MS 306, f 37, Beaven, II, p 66, (7) Will, C E Whiting, op cit, p 417 (8) Beaven, II, p 66, I, p 41 (9) Beaven, II, p 66 (10) Will, Mathews Calamy Revised, p 21 See Pearl, op cit, pp 321-3, for his career (11) Boyd 9175, 5019, will, LVP, 1664, p 3, will of William VINCENT

LANGHAM, Thomas

Co Co Bishopsgate Within, 1674-81, Dep, 1681-3, 1688-92 Bishopsgate Street, 1689, St Martin Outwich (1) APO, appr, 1650, to Samuel Harison, M, 1699 (2) b ? Arthingworth, Northants, d 3 Dec 1700, bur St Martin Outwich (3) Will PCC 181 Noel pr, 10 Dec 1700 f Edward Langham of Thornlby, Northants, mar Eleanor (4) Apothecary (5) Land Northants (6) Tory, 1682, "has been a Whig and come over", 1687, 1690 (7)

(1) H of L, MS 154 (y), Boyd 12805 (2) Will, APO, Co MBk, I, f 485d, Boyd 12805 (3) Will, Boyd 12805 (4) APO, Co MBk, I, f 485d, Boyd 12805 (5) SP/29/418/199 (6) Will (7) SP/29/418/199, H of L, MS 154 (f), (y), Bodl Lib, Rawlinson MS D 734, f 32

LAVINGTON, Richard.

Co Co Coleman Street, 1681 (1) St Stephen Coleman Street, 1681 (1) WEA (2) Living, 1700 (2), mar 1660, at St Botolph Bishopsgate, Mary Priest (2)

(1) VBk, St Stephen Coleman Street (2) Boyd 44122

LAWRENCE, John.

Ald Queenhith, 4 Feb 1657/8-13 Oct 1683 superseded by Royal Commission Returned, 3 Oct 1688, on restoration of Charter-26 Jan 1691/2 (d) (1) Great St Helen, 1677, St Helen, 1643 (2) HAB, M, 1658, 1664, 1677 (3) d 26 Jan 1691/2, bur St Helen (4) PCC Admon Surrey, 10 May 1692, by decree f Abraham Lawrence of St Helen, merchant, mar 1643, at St Andrew Undershaft, Abigail, da of Abraham Cullen and Abigail Moor of London (5) Merchant Comm EIC, 1659-60, 1675-8, 1679-80, 1681-3 Assis RAC, 1672 (6) Worth £2,000 p a in 1660 RAC stock £1,600 of original stock, 1671 (7) Kt, 17 Jun 1660 Sheriff, 1658-9, LM, 1664-5 (8) Leading City Whig (9) Da Rachel mar Charles CHAMBERLAIN Da Abigail mar Sir George Vyner, Bt, s of Thomas VYNER Da Elizabeth mar Sir William Loraine, Bt, MP Northumberland, 1701-2 (Whig) (10)

(1) Beaven, I, pp 194, 195 (2) Directory, 1677, Boyd 4424 (3) Beaven, II, p 88 (4) Boyd 4424 (5) Boyd 4424, Strype, IV, p 147, Boyd 39348 (6) Directory, 1677, Beaven, II, p 88, K G Davies, Index (7) Wotton, Eng Barts, IV, p 370, PRO, T 70/100 (8) Beaven, I, p 194 (9) See Account of the Aldermen, 1672 (10) Beaven, II, p 186, Boyd 4424, 4152, 2447, Walcott, MPs Tempus Anne

LAWRENCE, Robert

Co Co Cripplegate Without, 1669, 1671-2 Red Cross Street, 1673, St Giles Cripplegate, 1663 (1) ? BREW (2) d 12, bur 14 Oct 1673, ? St Giles Cripplegate (3) Brewer (3)

(1) Smyth, Obituary, p 100, VBk, St Giles Cripplegate (2) Will of Thomas VYNER (3) Smyth, Obituary, p 100

LAWTON, Bartholomew. see LAYTON

LAWTON, Hugh

Ald Dowgate, 14-21 May 1667, disch, F £520 (1) London Bridge, St Magnus, 1641, 'The Three Brushes', St Giles Cripplegate, 1667 (2) DR, fr, 1637, by Samuel Oakley (3) bur 1669, St Saviour, Southwark (4) Will PCC 48 Coke pr, 13 May 1669 f Hugh Lawton of Coventry, Warw, tanner, mar Elizabeth (5) Grocer journeyman, 1641 Esq, 1667 (2)

(1) Beaven, I, p 141 (2) Johnson, DR, IV, p 143, will (3) Beaven, I, p 141, Boyd 28203 (4) Hatton, View of London, p 539 (5) Boyd 28203, will

LAXTON, Thomas

Co Co Castle Baynard, 1664 (1) St Pauls Bakehouse, 1665, St Gregory, 1640, 1664 (2) APO, appr, 1626, to Robert Lorkin (3) Will PCC 41 Hyde, 1665 f Michael Laxton of Huntington, Hunts, gent (4) Apothecary, supplier of medicines to army, 1650/1 (5)

(1) VBk, St Gregory (2) Will, MG et H, 2nd Ser, II, p 71, VBk, St Gregory (3) Will, APO, Co MBk, I, f 160 (4) APO, Co MBk, I, f 160 (5) APO, Co MBk, I, f 498

LAYTON, Bartholomew

Co Co Cordwainer, 1665 St Mary Woolnoth, 1638-50, St Mary le Bow, 1654, St Mary Aldermanbury, 1676 (1) GOLD, fr, 1638, by P (2) d Ringwood, Hants (3) Will PCC 143 North pr, 3 Oct 1681 f Bartholomew Lawton, GOLD (fr by P 1611) of London, mar 1638, at AH London Wall, Anne Cozens (4) Goldsmith (5)

(1) Hilton Price, Old Lombard Street, p 110, Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 192, Boyd 5008, will (2) Will, GOLD, Index of Appr, Boyd 5008 (3) PCC, PAB, 1681 (4) GOLD, Index of Appr, Boyd 5008 (5) Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 192

LAZENBY, Philip

Co Co Broad Street, 1660, 1669-71 Lower Prec, St Benet Fink, 1669, AH London Wall, 1672 (1) MER, fr, 1627, by Thomas Buckner (2) d 1672 (3) Will PCC 90 Eure 1672 mar Elizabeth, da of Ralph Hartley, SCR, of St Christopher (4) Personalty, Feb 1673/4, £688 (5) Bro-in-law of Leonard BATES (6)

(1) VBk, St Benet Fink, will (2) CRO list, will, MER, Fr List, p 309 (3) Will (4) Boyd 22511, 471 (5) CSB, II, 312b (6) Boyd 471, Familiae Minorum Gentium, p 1002, will

LEE, Edmund

Co Co Castle Baynard, 1668, 1672, 1674-80 (1) St Andrew Wardrobe, ChW, 1663, 1664, 1680, East Prec, St Benet Pauls Wharf, 1678, Ratcliffe on the Wreak, Leic, gent (2) SAD, M 1675, 1677 (3) b Ratcliffe on the Wreak, Leic, d 1680, bur ? St Andrew Wardrobe (4) Will PCC 150 Bath pr, 20 Nov 1680 f Edmund Lee of Walton on the Wold, Leic, gent, m Margaret Collins of Farington, Berks, mar 1656, at St Botolph Aldersgate, Savina, da of Andrew Wanley of Blackfriars, London (5) Norwich merchant (4) Personalty, Mar 1680/1, £10,933 (6) Land Lincs and Norf (4)

(1) 1672 CRO, Small MS, Box 20, No 1 (2) GHL, MS 10116, Box 2, file 3, VBk, St Andrew Wardrobe, will, CRO, Asses Box 67 4/32, LVP, 1664, p 90 (3) Will, Boyd 10597 (4) Will (5) LVP, 1664, p 10 (6) CSB, IV, 130

LEE, John (A)

Ald Aldersgate, 21-22 Jul 1687, disch, F £520 (1) ? St Dionis, St Michael Bassishaw, 1697/8, 1704 (2) MT (3) Will PCC 174 Ashe pr, 26 Aug 1706 f John Lee of London, esq (? John LEE (B)), mar Mary (4) City property, land Salop, Bucks, Staff, Surr, Essex and Norf (5)

(1) Beaven, I, p 7 (2) Will, PCC, PAB, 1704 (3) Beaven, I, p 7 (4) Will Both John LEEs had land at Hopton in the Hole, Salop (5) Will

LEE, John (B)

Ald Farringdon Without, 30 Jun-21 Jul 1664, disch, being of insufficient estate (1) Stanton Harcourt, Oxon, 1682 (2) SAD (1) Will PCC 99 Cottle pr, 10 Aug 1682 mar Mary (3) Land Salop, Middx (3) ? Dissenter (3) ? Father of John LEE (A) Da - mar Sir Philip Harcourt "Cozen" of William WARNE (3)

(1) Beaven, I, p 162 (2) PCC, PAB, 1682 (3) Will

LEE, Isaac

Ald Billingsgate, 1654 (1) Co Co Cripplegate Within, 1660 St Mary Aldermanbury, 1652 (2) MER (1) Merchant (2) Esq, 1660, living, 1663, age 73, a prisoner in King's Bench Granted pension of £3 per month by Co Co, 26 Oct 1663 (3)

(1) Beaven, II, p 84 (2) Boyd 13455 (3) Journ 41, f 235, 45, f 325

LEE, Samuel

Co Co Bridge 1649-53, 1656-60 Lower Prec, St Leonard Eastcheap, 1659 (1) ? GIRD, M, 1654 (2) If so, then will Arch Lond, Reg 9, ff 146, 255, pr, 5 Apr 1669, of St Catherine Coleman

(1) WMBk, Bridge (2) Boyd Index

LEGAY, Isaac.

Co Co Cordwamer, 1660 (1) St Mary le Bow, 1629, Soper Lane corner, Upper Prec, St Antholin, 1658 (2) GR, W, 1654 (3) d 13 Jan 1659/60, bur St Antholin (3) PCC Admon, 1660 mar 1629, at French Church, Threadneedle Street, Mary le Poultre (3) Personalty, Mar 1660, £2,782 (4) Presbyterian Ruling Elder of 8th Classis of London Province, 1647 (5)

(1) Chivers (2) Boyd 25171, CSB, II, 181, VBk, St Antholin (3) Boyd 25171 (4) CSB, II, 181 (5) Sion College, MS Acc L 40 2/E17

LEMON, Edward

Co Co Langborn, 1682-3, 1689-97, Dep, 1699-1700 Fenchurch Street (1) TCH (1) Dead by 1702 (1) f William Lemon of London (? Portsoken ward "in the winter months", 1640), m Rebecca, da of Edward Prescot, mar Mary, da of Sir Thomas Holt, lawyer and Susan Peacock (2) Merchant, draper (3) Whig ("naught", 1682) (4) Bro-in-law of Francis LEVETT (5)

(1) Boyd 35549 (2) Boyd 35549, MG et H, 2nd Ser, II, p 110 (3) Boyd 35549, CRO, Jones, Trades (Langborn) (4) SP/29/418/199 (5) Boyd 35549, 10933

LENTHALL, Thomas

Dep Billingsgate, 1660-74 St Mary at Hill, 1638, 1679 (1) FISH, fr, 1619, M, 1677 (2) d 13 Sep 1679, bur St Mary at Hill (2) Will PCC 118 King pr, 18 Sep 1679 f William Lenthall of Lachford, Oxon, m Frances Southwell of St Faiths, Norf, mar Anne, da of George Molle of Culworth, Northants (2) Salter, 1640, merchant, 1651, "keeping no outward shop", 1667 (3) EIC stock (4) Land Suss, Oxon, Ireland (4) Elder of 4th Classis of London Province (attended 19 meetings) (5) Commsr for Lieut, 1660 Da Anne mar (B) Sir Edward Bromfield Bt (2)

(1) Boyd 9831, VBk, St Mary at Hill, will (2) Boyd 9831 (3) MG et H, 2nd Ser, II, p 37, LVP, 1664, p 88, CRO, Fire Decrees, I, ff 1246-7 (4) Will (5) Harleian Society, vols xxxii-xxxiii, The Register-Booke of the Fourth Classis in the Province of London, 1646-59 (1953)

LETHIEULLIER, Christopher

Co Co Dowgate, 1680-1 Ald Coleman Street, Oct 1687-3 Oct 1688 superseded on restoration of Charter Re-elected 9 Oct 1688-90 (1) St Peter le Poor, 1661, Turnwheel Lane, 1677, St Mary Bothaw, 1689 (2) DYE, appr, 1654, to James HOUBLON (3) d Aug 1690, bur ? St Swithin (4) Will PCC 126 Dyke pr, 26 Aug 1690 f John Lethieullier of St Margaret Lothbury, merchant, m Jane, da of John Delafort and Anne Frankville, mar 1661, at St Pancras, Jane, da of Peter DUCANE (5) Merchant Co Assis LC, 1686-7, 1689-91 (6) Kt, 29 Oct 1689 Sheriff, 1689-90 (7) Whig (7) Bro of John and William LETHIEULLIER Bro-in-law of James BURKIN Cous of Daniel MERCER Neph of James, John, and Peter (A), HOUBLON (8)

(1) Beaven, I, p 111 (2) Boyd 10690, Directory, 1677, will (3) Beaven, I, p 111, DYE, Appr Reg, 1649-1700, 1654 (4) Boyd 10690, will (5) Boyd 10690, 9832, 9428, 16096 Father was s of John Lethieullier of Cologne and Jane Frappe (Le Neve, p 294) (6) Directory, 1677, will, Beaven, II, p 115 (7) Beaven, II, p 115 (8) Boyd 9832, 9428, will of Daniel MERCER

LETHIEULLIER, John

Co Co Tower, 1672-5 Ald Cripplegate, 15-27 Jun 1676, disch, no F (1) AH Staining 1661, Mark Lane, 1677, St Olave Hart Street, 1665, 1683, near Africa House, Warnfarnford Court, Throgmorton Street, St Peter Le Poor, 1668, Buckingham House, College Hill, mansion at Lewisham, Kent, 1709 (2) BS, appr to John FREDERICK, M, 1676 (3) b 1632, d 4 Jan 1718/9, bur Greenwich, Kent (4) Will PCC 12 Browning pr, 23 Jan 1718/9 f John Lethieullier, m Jane Delafort, mar 1658, at St Clement Eastcheap, Anne, da of William HOOKER and Lettice Coppinger (5) Merchant, "a pretty, civil, and understanding merchant" Comm EIC, 1673-4, 1675-7, 1678-9, 1680-1, 1685-6, Co Assis LC, 1678-9, 1680-1, 1684-8, 1691-3, 1694-5, Assis RAC, 1681-3 (6) EIC, Bank of Eng stock Portions of two unmarried daughters, 1709 £21,000 (7) City property, land Kent, Surr, Essex (7) Kt, 29 Sep 1674 Sheriff, 1674-5 (8) Whig ? Dissenter (9) Bro of Christopher and William LETHIEULLIER Son John mar Elizabeth, da of Joseph SMART (10) For other relations see Christopher LETHIEULLIER

(1) Beaven, I, p 134 (2) GHL, MS, 10116, Box 1, file 1, Directory, 1677, Pepys, Diary, 13 Dec 1665, Reg, St Olave Hart Street, Rogers, IV, p 82, will (3) Beaven, II, p 107, Strype, V, p 148 (4) Boyd 10689 (5) Boyd 10689, 9832, 9428, 2693 For details of parents, see Christopher LETHIEULLIER (6) Directory, 1677, Pepys, Diary, 13 Dec 1665, Beaven, II, p 107, K G Davies, Index (7) Will (8) Beaven, II, p 107 (9) H of L, MS 154 (f), (m) (10) Boyd 9832, 10689, 538

LETHIEULLIER, William.

Co Co Dowgate, 1682-3, 1688-93 Bush Lane, 1677, Thames Street, East, 1679, AH the Great, 1683, Clapham, Surr, 1698, 1715 (1) DYE, appr, 1664, to Philip Dawkins (? DAKINS) (2) b 2 Dec 1646, d 17 Sep 1728, bur Clapham, Surr (3) Will PCC 268 Brook pr, 18 Sep 1728 f John Lethieullier, m Jane Delafort, mar 1674, at St Olave Hart Street, Mary, da of Henry Powell of Clapham, Surr, merchant (4) Merchant (5) Portions for 7 children (i e, third of personal estate) = £17,500 (6) Land Surr, Ireland (mortgaged for £1,800) (6) Whig ("naught", 1682), ? dissenter (7) Bro of Christopher and John LETHIEULLIER (8) For other relations see Christopher LETHIEULLIER

(1) Directory, 1677, VBk, AH the Great, will of Peter DANIEL, will (2) H of L, MS 154 (m), DYE, Appr Reg, 1649-1706, 1664 (3) Boyd 10691 (4) Boyd 10691, 9832, 9428 For details of parents see Christopher LETHIEULLIER (5) Directory, 1677 Cf "Sam Will and Abra Lethuher merchants in Broad Street" (Directory, 1677) William had bros Samuel and Abraham (Boyd 9832) (6) Will (7) SP/29/418/199, H of L, MS 154 (m) (8) Boyd 9832

LETTEN, John

Ald Queenhill, 1-19 Jul 1687, disch, F £520 (1) Turnwheel Lane, 1677, St Mary Bothaw, 1687/8 (2) There is no evidence that he was a Citizen bap 26 Mar 1624, at St Gregory, Norwich, Norf, d 20 Sep 1688, bur Southwark (3) Will PCC 163 Exton pr, 24 Dec 1688 f John Letten of Norwich, mar 1660, Susan, da of Ald Geffrey Howland of Streatham, Surr (£6,000 marriage agreement) (4) Merchant (2) RAC stock £500 of original stock, 1671 (5) Da Sarah mar Randolph Knife, Ald, 1721-8 (3)

(1) Beaven, I, p 194 (2) Directory, 1677, will (3) Boyd 20066 (4) Boyd 20066, 9716, will (5) PRO, T 70/100

LEVETT, Francis

Co Co Cripplegate Within, 1689-90 Aldermanbury, 1705, St Mary Aldermanbury, 1683, 1696, 1705, St Alphage, 1690, Enfield, Middx (1) MER, fr, 1674, by William Trigg (2) b 1654, d 30 Mar 1705, intestate, bur St Lawrence Jewry (3) f ? Rev Richard Levett of Ashwell, Rut, cleric (4), mar 1683, Susan, da of Sir Thomas Holt, lawyer and Susan Peacock of Reading, Berks (5) Tobacconist, in partnership with (? bro) Sir Richard Levett (3) Personalty, Jun 1709, £17,008 Shipping (6) Bro-in-law of Edward LEMON (7)

(1) CSB, V, 185/Inv, Boyd 10933, Bodl Lib, Rawlinson MS D 803, f 93, VBk, St Alphage (2) CRO list MER, Fr List, p 313 (3) Boyd 10933, CSB, V, 183/Inv (4) This is f of Sir Richard Levett (Ald, 1690, LM, 1699), whose bro Francis appears to be (Boyd 15805) (5) Boyd 10933 (6) CSB, V, 185/Inv (7) Boyd 10933, 35549

LEVINZ (or LEVINE, LEVEN,) Humphrey

Co Co Bread Street, 1675-82 (1) 'The Angel' (mansion house), 1682, AH Bread Street, 1675, 1682 (2) GR (3) b 1630, d 25, bur 27 Jul 1682, AH Bread Street (4) Will PCC 119 Cottle pr, 21 Oct 1682 f William Levinz of Evenly, Northants, esq, m Mary Creswell of Puiston, Northants, mar 1656, at Hornsey, Middx, Judith, da of John Copinger, HAB, and Judith Jackson (5) Tobacconist (6) City property (3) ? Tory ("rather good", 1682) (7) Bro of Hon Sir Creswell Levinz, Kt, attorney-general, 1681 (8)

(1) Not 1683, 1688 as in CRO list see date of death (2) Will, VBk, AH Bread Street, SBk, Nov 1674-Jul 1675 (3) Will (4) Boyd 14189, Hatton, View of London, p 105 See Luttrell, I, p 209 22 Jul 1682 [sic] "Several persons, as Mr Levens, a tobacconist, being taken sick with the great heat at Guildhall at choice of Sheriffs [14, 15 Jul] are since dead" The will is dated 24 Jul 1682 (5) Boyd 14189, 4262 (6) SBk, Nov 1674-Jul 1675 (7) SP/29/418/199 (8) Will, see Vis Northants, 1681, p 120

LEWEN, Edmund

Ald Farringdon Without, 2-18 Jul 1667, disch, F £620 (1) Cheapside, 1641/2, St Mary Colechurch, 1650, Red Lyon Court, St Botolph Aldgate, 1681, Radcliffe, Stepney, Middx, 1681 (2) MT, appr, 1627/ 8, to William Kirby of Poultrey M, 1667 (3) d Aug 1681 (4) Will PCC 120 North pr, 11 Aug 1681 f William Lewen of Broxburne, Herts, gent, mar Margaret (5) Merchant, trading in salt petre (6) Personalty, Mar 1681/2, £8,906 (7) City, London, and Southwark property, land Essex (4)

(1) Beaven, I, p 163 (2) MT, Appr Bindings, XII, f 186, Boyd 28207, will, CSB, IV, 170 (as "Edward Lewin", but "Edmund Lewen" in Inv) (3) Beaven, II, p 101, MT, Appr Bindings, IX, f 335 (4) Will (5) MT, Appr Bindings, IX, f 335, will (6) Will, CSB, IV, 170/Inv (7) CSB, IV, 170

LEWIS, Henry

Co Co Aldgate, 1683, 1690-2 (1) St Catherine Cree, 1691, Rawlins, Woodcott, psh Southstoke, Oxon (2) MT, ? appr, 1641, to Robert Marsh, W, 1689 (3), Will PCC 144 Fane pr, 28 Apr 1692 f ? Henry Lewis, MT, of Southwark, mar Susannah, ? da of Henry and Hester Knapp of Stoke, Oxon (4) Scrivener (5) City property, land Oxon, Ches, Essex (2) Tory, 1683, 1690 (6)

(1) 1690 Bodl Lib, Rawlinson MS D 734, f 32 (2) Will (3) Will, MT, Appr Bindings, XII, f 163, Boyd Index (4) MT, Appr Bindings, XII, f 163, will (5) Will, see wills of Thomas BECKFORD, William JELLY (6) SP/29/435/101, Bodl Lib, Rawlinson MS 734, f 32

LEWIS, Simon

Ald Bassishaw, 29 Apr 1680-2 Aug 1687, disch by Royal Letter (1) St Michael Cornhill, 1691/2 (2) FISH, PW, 1682 (3) d 21, bur 25 Nov 1692, St Michael Cornhill, sp (4) Will PCC 30 Coker pr, 9 Feb 1692/3 f Simon Lewis of Bristol, Glouc, m - Lloyd, mar 1667, at Enfield, Middx, Mary, da of John BATHURST (5) RAC stock £1,000 of original stock, 1671 (6) Property Bristol, land Surr (2) Kt, 20 Oct 1679 Sheriff, 1679-80 (7) Tory Commsr for Lieut, 1681, 1688

(1) Beaven, I, p 20 (2) Will (3) Beaven, II, p 108 (4) Boyd 15782 (5) Boyd 15782, 2017, will, which also mentions "mother Mrs Elizabeth Harper" (6) PRO, T 70/100 (7) Beaven, II, p 108, I, p 20

LEWIS, Thomas

Ald Broad Street, 11-20 Jun 1661, disch, F £620 (1) St Mary Colechurch, 1647, St Helen, 1677 (2) VIN, appr, 1632, to Edward Darling (£300 bond), fr, 1640, L, 1645 (3) f George Lewis of Peckleton, Leic, gent, mar (A) 1647, Frances, da of Ald Zachary Highlord of St Olave Hart Street, (C) Elizabeth, da of Ald Francis Dashwood of St Botolph Bishopsgate, Turkey merchant (4) RAC stock £1,000 of original stock, 1671 (5) Land Bucks (? land agent for Samuel DASHWOOD) (6) MP Wycombe, 1679, 1679-81, 1681, 1689-90 Sheriff of Bucks, 1673-4 (7) ? Dissenter (8) Bro-in-law of Samuel DASHWOOD Son Thomas Lewis, MP Wycombe, 1690-5, 1695-6 (d) (9)

(1) Beaven, I, p 75 (2) Boyd 28161, VBk, St Helen (3) Beaven, I, p 75, VIN, Appr Pres, 6 Nov 1632, Co Bk, 1638-58, ff 11, 184 (4) VIN, Appr Pres, 6 Nov 1632, Boyd 28161, Pink MS 306, f 172, Lipscombe, Buckinghamshire, III, p 654 (5) PRO, T 70/100 (6) Lipscombe, Buckinghamshire, II, p 482, III, pp 653-4 (7) Pink MS 306, f 172 (8) H of L, MS 154 (m) (9) Boyd 14016, Pink MS 306, f 172

LEWYS, John

Ald Candlewick, 1656 (1) Co Co Farringdon Without (St Sepulchre), 1660-3 St Bartholomew the Less, 1663, Holborn Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1671, St Giles-in-the-Fields, 1671 (2) IRON, M, 1657 (1) d 14 Aug 1671 (1) Will PCC 145 Duke pr, 1 Dec 1671 f Richard Lewys, m Jane, da of Gervaise Brinsley, of Brinsley, Notts, mar 1654, at St Nicholas Coleabbey and St Olave Jewry, Sarah, da of Thomas FOOT (3) Comm EIC, 1659-62, 1664-5 (4) Worth £2,000 p a in 1660 Personalty, Jul 1672, £18,580 EIC Stock, £3,440 (5) Kt, 26 May 1660, cr Bt, Oct 1660 (1) Lt Col Red Regt, 1660 Bro-inlaw of John CUTLER Bro-in-law of Sir Arthur Onslow Da Elizabeth mar Theophilus, 7th Earl Huntingdon Da Mary mar Robert, Lord Demcourt, 3rd Earl Scarsdale (6)

(1) Beaven, II, p 84 (2) HT, 1663, f 81, CRO, Misc Inv, Roll 107, will (3) Boyd 15680, LPV, 1664, p 65 (4) Cal Min EIC (5) Wotton, Eng Barts, IV, p 369, CSB, II, 268, CRO, Misc Inv, Roll 107 (6) Boyd 15680

LIGHT, Isaac

Ald Broad Street, 10-17 Jul 1666, disch, F £420 (1) St Laurence Jewry, 1647, 1654, St Mary Aldermanbury, Mortlake, Surr, 1672/3 (2) SKIN, appr, 1626, to Joseph Caron of EIC, French C, Merchant Adventurer, fr, 1646/7, M, 1667 (3) b Kenton, Wilts (4) Will PCC 102 Pye pr, 21 Aug 1673 f Nicholas Light of Beverston Castle, Glouc, gent, mar 1647, at St Laurence Jewry, Elizabeth da of George Hadley (5) Merchant (6) Land Lincs (4) Educ MTS (7) Da Elizabeth mar Francis Goodenough, ? Sheriff of Middx, Rye House plotter (7)

(1) Beaven, I, p 76 (2) Boyd 9840, Reg, St Laurence Jewry, will (3) Beaven, II, p 98, SKIN, Appr and Fr Reg, 1601-94, ff 188, 319 (4) Will (5) SKIN, Appr and Fr Reg, 1601-94, f 188, Boyd 9840, 9574 (6) Reg, St Laurence Jewry (7) Boyd 9840

LILLINGSTONE, William

Co Co Portsoken, 1671-83, 1688-92, Dep, 1677, 1680-3, 1687-92 (1) ? Sometime against west door of St Botolph Aldgate, Houndsditch, St Botolph Aldgate, 1696 (2) UPH (3) Will Arch Lond, ABk 18, f 5, pr, 8 Jan 1699/1700 mar Mary (2) City property (2) Whig ("naught, a Simple fellow", 1682) (4)

(1) 1671 CRO, MS 109 15, Dep, 1677 Bodl Lib, MS Top Berks, D12, f 203, Dep, 1687 WIM, Portsoken (2) Will (3) Will, Journ 50, f 346 (4) SP/29/418/199

LITTLE, Thomas

Co Co Tower, 1671, 1675, 1682-3 ? Thomas Street, 1677, Tower Street, 1682, St Dunstan-inthe-East, 1671 (1) SALT, W, 1682, M, 1686 ? Merchant, 1677, ironmonger, 1682 (3) Tory, ("good", 1682), 1683, 1687 (4)

(1) Directory, 1677, SP/29/418/199, CRO, MS 109 15 (2) H of L, MS 154 (f), SALT, Co Orders, f 456, Boyd Index (3) Directory, 1677, SP/29/415/199 (4) SP/29/418/199, 435/100, H of L, MS 154 (f)

LITTLEBURY, Robert

Co Co Aldersgate Without, 1681-3, 1689-95, Dep, 1690-5 'The Unicorn', Little Britain, 1652-67, 'The King's Arms', Little Britain, 1652- 85, St Botolph Aldersgate, 1693/4 (1) HAB, appr, 1640, to Robert Sadler, fr, 1647, W, 1693 (2) Will Arch Lond, ABk 17, f 20, pr, 16 Jan 1695/6 f Robert Littlebury of Colchester, Essex, fishmonger, mar (A) 1650, at Tottenham, Middx, Frances Townlow, (B) Katherine (3) Stationer, bookseller, still in business 1693/4 (4) Land Essex, Middx (5) Tory ("good", 1682), 1690 (6)

(1) Plomer, Booksellers, 1641-67, p 119, Plomer, Booksellers 1668-1725, p 191, will (2) Will, HAB, Binding Bk, 22 Apr 1640, Fr Index, 9 Apr 1647, L List (3) HAB, Binding Bk, 22 Apr 1640, Boyd 46049, will (4) Boyd 46049, SP/29/418/ 199, will (5) Will (6) SP/29/418/199, Bodl Lib, Rawlinson MS D 734, f 32

LITTLETON, James

Co Co Bassishaw, 1667-71, Dep, 1670-1 St Michael Bassishaw, 1663/4 (1) Mar Elizabeth (1) Merchant (1) Cf James Littleton, merchant in Berry Street (Aldgate, south of Bevis Marks), 1677 (2)

(1) Reg, St Michael Bassishaw (2) Directory, 1677

LLOYD, Gerard

Co Co Tower 1676-7 Mark Lane, 1677, St Olave Hart Street, 1661 (1) SALT (2) d 28 Aug 1677, bur St Olave Hart Street (3) PCC Admon, 1677 mar Elizabeth (2) Merchant (4) Personalty, Sep 1677, £8,463, shipping (2) Commsr for Lieut, 1677

(1) CSB, IV, 41/Inv, as "Gerard Floyd", GHL, MS 10116, Box 1, file 1 (2) CSB, IV, 41 (3) Boyd 39000 (4) CSB, IV, 41/Inv

LOADES, Henry

Co Co Billingsgate, 1672-9, 1683, Dep, 1684-6 (1) St Mary Hill, 1677, at Billingsgate, 1689, St Mary at Hill, 1668 (2) FISH, appr, 1638, to Peter Wiggott, fr, 1648 (3) b 1622, bur 30 Nov 1696, St Mary at Hill (4) Will PCC 253 Bond pr, 10 Dec 1696 f Rev Philip Loades, Rector of Ringstead, Norf, m Joan, da of Jonathan Matthews of Lynn Regis, Norf, mar 1653, at St Margaret Pattens, Susan, da of George and Susan Houghton of London and Houghton Tower, Lancs (4) Orange merchant, Merchant Adventurer (5) Property Whitechapel, salt petre banks, land Norf (6) Chamberlain of the City, 15 Mar 1686/7, suspended, 11 Oct 1688, superseded, 25 Jun 1689 (7) Tory (8)

(1) 1672 CRO, Small MS Box 20, No 1 (2) Directory, 1677, H of L, MS 154 (y), VBk, St Mary at Hill (3) Boyd 10702, FISH, Fr and Appr Reg, 1638 (4) LVP, 1664, p 91 (5) H of L, MS 154 (y), will (6) Will (7) CRO, MS 84 7, CRO, Card Index, sub Officers/Chamberlain He was a candidate for the office in 1677 in opposition to Sir Thomas PLAYER (S P Dom, 1677-8, p 226) (8) SP/29/418/199, H of L, MS 154 (x), (y)

LOCKE, Roger

Co Co Dowgate, 1673, 1676-7 St Laurence Pountney, 1659, ChW, 1666, AH the Less, 1673 (1) DYE (2) bur 10 Nov 1701, AH the Less (3) Will PCC 156 Dyer pr, 17 Nov 1701 mar Elizabeth, da of Christopher Blower and Mary Watleton of Reading, Berks (4) ? Dyer, draper (5) Land Berks (2) Dissenter (2)

(1) Boyd 33835, VBk, St Laurence Pountney, VBk, AH the Less (2) Will (3) Reg, AH the Less (4) Boyd 33835 (5) Boyd 33835, Vis Berks, 1664-6, p 15

LOCKINGTON, Thomas

Co Co Castle Baynard, 1660, 1663 (1) St Mary Magdalen Old Fish Street (2) FISH, appr, 1620, fr, 1630 (3) Will PCC 69 Bruce pr, 2 Jun 1664 mar Sybilla (2) City property (2)

(1) 1663 Chivers (2) Will (3) Will, Boyd 4841

LONG, Giles

Co Co Bread Street, 1671, Dep, 1674-83 (1) St Mildred Bread Street, 1661, ChW, 1662, 1674 (2) SALT (3) bur 15 Mar 1684/5, St Mildred Bread Street (4) PCC Admon Mar, 1684/5 Salter (5) ? Not Tory, 1682 ("rather bad"), but listed (posthumously) in H of L, MS 154 (h) (6)

(1) 1671 CRO, MS 109 15 (2) GHL, MS 10116, Box 1, file, 9060A/1 (St Mildred Bread Street), SBk, Jul-Oct 1674 (3) H of L, MS 154 (h) (5) Reg, St Mildred Bread Street (5) SBk, Jul-Oct 1674 (6) SP/29/418/199

LOVE, Laurence

Co Co Billingsgate, 1660 (1) Cf Laurence Love, s of William Love of Barrow, Som, taylor, appr, 1627/8, to Richard Leasing of Carter Lane, MT (2)

(1) Journ 41, f 235, Billingsgate from position in list (2) MT, Appr Bindings, VII, f 343

LOVE, William

Ald Portsoken, 27 Jan 1658/9-May 1662, disch by the Commissioners for Carrying out the Corporation Act (1) Lime Street, St Mary Axe, 1677, St Andrew Undershaft, 1651, ? St Martin Orgar, 1664, 1671, 1676, Clapham, Surr, 1689 (2) DR, fr, 1650, by Hugh Pollard, M, 1660 (3) b 1618, bur 1 May 1689, St Andrew Undershaft (4) Will PCC 67 Ent pr, 17 May 1689 f William Love of Aynhoe and Ware, Herts, m Mary Uvedale of Linford, Bucks, mar 1651, Elizabeth, da of Sir John Burgoyne of Sutton, Beds, Bt, MP Warwickshire, 1645-8 (5) Merchant, trading to Aleppo 1668/9 Comm EIC, 1657-62 Co Assis LC, 1653-5, 1656-60, 1661, 1662-70, Dep Gov, 1661-2 (6) Sheriff, 1659-60 Councillor of State, 1660 MP London, 1661-79, 1679-81, 1681, 1689 (7) "Faulty in the late troubles" Prominent Congregationalist one of three or four MPs who refused the sacrament in 1661 (8) Bro-in-law of Edward UNDERHILL Bro-in-law of Sir Roger Burgoyne, Bt, MP Bedfordshire, 1640, 1641-8, Warwickshire, 1656-8 (5)

(1) Beaven, I, p 184 (2) Boyd 15715, Directory, 1677, VBk, St Martin Orgar, PCC, PAB, 1689 (3) Beaven, II, p 89, Boyd 15715 (4) LVP, 1664, p 92 (5) LVP, 1664, p 92, GEC, II, p 104 (6) Boyd 15715, Directory, 1677, will, G Ambrose, "English Traders at Aleppo (1658-1756)", in EcHR (1931-2), Beaven, II, p 89 (7) Beaven, I, p 184, II, p 89 (8) Beaven, II, p 186, HMC, Popham, p 166, HMC, 5th Rept, p 171, H of L, MS 154 (m) See Bate, The Declaration of Indulgence, p 114

LUCAS, Robert

Co Co Langborn, 1666-7, 1673-5 (1) St Dionis, 1663, 1673 (2) PEW, appr, 1631, W, 1664, M, 1667 (3) bur St Dionis, 14 Sep 1686 (4) PCC Admon, Nov 1686 f Rev William Lucas of Newton, Bucks (1631) and of Turvey, Beds, cleric, m Grace Burgis of Plymouth, Devon, mar Mildred, da of Robert Prudden of Luton, Beds (5)

(1) Chosen, 1676, but excused, "having served long in the office" (2) VBk, St Dionis (3) LVP, 1664, p 93, PEW, Co MBk, IV, f 257d, Boyd 11880, (4) LVP, 1664, p 93 (5) PEW, Co MBk, IV, f 257d, LVP, 1664, p 93

LUCIE, Jacob

Ald Dowgate, 13 Oct 1683-7 Oct 1685 removed to Aldgate-Apr 1686, disch by Royal Commission (1) Fenchurch Street, 1677, St Catherine Coleman, 1663, 1681, 1686 (2) There is no evidence that he was a Citizen bap 9 Dec 1627, d Nov 1688, bur ? St Catherine Coleman (3) Will PCC 44 Exton pr, 12 Dec 1688 f John Lucie of London and of Antwerp, Flanders, merchant, Elder of Dutch Church, m Anne, da of Zegar Corsellis of London, merchant, mar Mary, da of John St John of Coleorton, Leic (4) Mer- chant Assis RAC, 1680-2, 1686-8, Dep Gov, 1684-5 (5) RAC stock £500 of original stock, 1671 (6) City property, plantations Barbadoes, Antigua (7) Tory ("very right", 1680/1) (8) Commsr for Lieut, 1677, 1681, 1688

(1) Beaven, I, pp 141, 13 (2) Directory, 1677, VBk, St Catherine Coleman, Boyd 1074, will (3) LVP, 1664, p 93, will (4) LVP, 1664, p 93 (5) LVP, 1664, p 93, Directory, 1677, K G Davies, Index (6) PRO, T 70/100 (7) Will (8) SP/29/415/39, H of L, MS 154 (x)

LUKINS, Nathaniel

Co Co Castle Baynard, 1658-62 (1) St Benet Pauls Wharf, 1633, 1640, 1652, 1662 (2) GOLD, appr, 1604, to Francis Storkam, fr, 1612 (3) d 23 Sep 1665, bur St Benet Pauls Wharf (4) Will PCC 118 Hyde pr, 2 Oct 1665 f Richard Lukins of Whitchurch, Som, yeo, mar 1633, at St Benet Pauls Wharf, Elizabeth, da of John Pepys and Anne Walpole (5)

(1) 1658 VBk, St Benet Pauls Wharf (2) Boyd 53638, MG et H, 2nd Ser, II, p 68, VBk, St Benet Pauls Wharf (3) Will, GOLD, Appr Reg, I, f 147a, Index of Appr (4) Boyd 53638 (5) Gold, Appr Reg, I, f 147a, Boyd 53638

LYNCH, Gracian.

Ald Vintry, 10 Sep-3 Oct 1667, disch on account of "insufficiency and inability" (1) BREW, appr, 1638, to Ald John Bide, fr, 1648 (2) d 19 Jan 1691/2 (3) f Rev John Linch of Harinotsham, Kent, cleric, mar 1651, at St James Clerkenwell, Rebecca Whiting (4)

(1) Beaven, I, p 212 (2) Beaven, I, p 212, BREW, Co MBk, XVI, 12 Oct 1638, XVII, 28 Apr 1648 (3) Beaven, II, p 101 (4) BREW, Co MBk, XVI, 12 Oct 1638, Boyd 28213

LYTE see LIGHT

LYTLER, Richard

Co Co Langborn, 1665-7 St Gabriel Fenchurch, 1673 (1) APO, appr, 1627, to Edward Cooks, M, 1668 (2) d 1674, bur St Margaret Patterns (3) Will PCC 146 Bunce pr, 5 Dec 1674 f Jerravil Litler of Putney, Surr, gent, mar Phoebe (4) Apothecary (1) Presbyterian, ? author of The Reformed Presbyterian, 1662 (5)

(1) Will (2) Will, APO, Co MBk, I, f 175, Boyd 28541 (3) Strype, I, p 171 (4) APO, Co MBk, I, f 175, will (5) Will, see C E Whiting, op cit, p 494