Bampton (St. Michael)
BAMPTON (St. Michael), a market-town and parish, in the union of Tiverton, hundred of Bampton,
Collumpton and N. divisions of Devon, 21 miles (N. by
E.) from Exeter, and 162 (W. by S.) from London;
containing 2049 inhabitants. Bampton is supposed by
Bishop Gibson to have been the Beamdune of the Saxon
Chronicle, where, in 614, the Britons were defeated with
great slaughter by Cynegils, King of the West Saxons.
Other antiquaries, referring this event to Bindon in
Dorset, derive its ancient names Bathermtown and Bathrumpton from the river Batherm, which flows into the
Exe, about one mile and a quarter below the town; and
thence, by contraction, deduce the present name. The
parish contains between 7000 and 8000 acres: the
surface is marked by numerous hills formed of limestone;
the soil runs through several varieties, and is liable,
especially in the valleys, to inundations from the rivers
Exe and Batherm. The town is pleasantly situated in a
vale; the houses are irregularly built of stone, and amply
supplied with water. The principal branch of manufacture is that of serge: limestone is obtained in large
quantities, and of excellent quality. The market is on
Wednesday: fairs are held on Whit-Tuesday and the
last Thursday in October; and on the Wednesday
before Lady-day and the last Thursday in November
are two large markets, both of which are well attended.
At the fairs and great markets a large number of sheep
are sold, which, from the excellence of the pastures, are
remarkable for size and flavour. A portreeve, two constables, and other officers, are appointed annually by the
lord of the manor. The living is a discharged vicarage,
valued in the king's books at £20; net income,
£118; patron, E. Rendell, Esq.; impropriator, Charles
Chichester, Esq., whose tithes have been commuted for
£720: the vicar has a glebe of two acres. The church
is a spacious structure in the early English style, containing several monuments to the earls of Bath. At
Petton, four miles distant from the church, is a chapel,
in which divine service is performed every Sunday; at
Shillingford are the ruins of an old chapel. There is a
place of worship for Particular Baptists. In the town is
a spring strongly impregnated with iron. The site of
an ancient castle erected in 1336, by a member of
the family of Cogan, is still discernible on a mount.
John de Bampton, a Carmelite monk, and the first who
read Aristotle publicly at Cambridge, was a native of the
town.
Bampton (St. Mary)
BAMPTON (St. Mary), a town and parish, in the
union of Witney, hundred of Bampton, county of Oxford, 16 miles (W. by S.) from Oxford, and 70 (W. N. W.)
from London; comprising the hamlets of Aston, Brighthampton, Chimney, Lew, and Weald, the chapelry of
Shifford, and the township of Bampton; and containing 2734 inhabitants, of whom 778 are in the township.
This place, called by the Saxons Bemtune, was a town
of some importance during the heptarchy, and for a
considerable period afterwards: in the reign of Edward
the Confessor it was annexed to the diocese of Exeter,
by Leofric, chaplain to that monarch, and first bishop
of the see. It is bounded on the south by the river
Isis, on which are some convenient wharfs: the houses
are neatly built, and the inhabitants are plentifully
supplied with water, which springs through a gravelly
soil. There are a subscription library and a newsroom.
A considerable trade was formerly carried on in leather,
but it has greatly declined. A fair is held on the 26th
and 27th of August, the former day being for the sale of
horses. Bampton has two divisions for the transaction
of its civil affairs, the one called the eastern and the
other the western; the justices in petty-sessions for the
former division meet at Witney, and for the latter at
Burford, and courts leet of the joint proprietors of the
manor are held, at which constables and other officers
are appointed. A town-hall has been erected in the
market-place by subscription.
The living is a vicarage, in three portions, each
valued in the king's books at £10. 0. 10., and in the
patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter: net
income of the first portion, £544; of the second, £492;
and of the third, £510. The tithes, with certain
exceptions, were commuted in 1812, for land and cornrents. The church is a spacious cruciform structure,
partly Norman, and partly in the early English style,
with a massive square embattled tower surmounted by
an octagonal spire; the Norman doorway leading into
the south transept, and the semi-porch and western
entrance, in the early English style, are fine specimens,
and the interior of the belfry, which is in its original
state and perfectly entire, is a beautiful specimen of
Norman decoration. There are chapels of ease at Shifford, Lew, and Aston. The free school was founded in
1635, by Robert Vesey, of Chimney, who endowed it
with £200, which, with subsequent benefactions, was
laid out in the purchase of eight acres of land, now let
for £28 per annum: in 1784, £400 stock was given for
the instruction of ten additional scholars. There are
slight remains of a castle supposed to have been erected
in the reign of John, and of a quadrangular form, with
towers at the angles, and bastions at the entrance on the
east and west sides. A field called Kinsey is supposed
to have been originally the "King's Way." Phillips, the
author of the "Splendid Shilling," a poem on Cider, &c.,
was born here in 1676.
Bampton (St. Patrick)
BAMPTON (St. Patrick), a parish, in West ward
and union, county of Westmorland, 9 miles (S.) from
Penrith; containing, with part of Mardale chapelry, 579
inhabitants. This parish comprises by measurement
3720 acres, and is intersected by the river Lowther.
Here is a beautiful lake, called Hawsewater, about three
miles long, and half a mile broad, its head being environed by an assemblage of lofty mountains, its eastern
side sheltered by well-planted rocky eminences, and its
western bordered by cultivated fields. The living is a
discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £7. 5.,
and in the patronage of the Crown; net income, £101.
The impropriate tithes belong to the Earl of Lonsdale
and the trustees of the free grammar school, of whom
the former has £164, and the latter £54. 8.; the vicarial
tithes have been commuted for £19. 16. The church
was rebuilt on the site of the former, in 1726: the
vicarage-house was rebuilt also, about the same period,
by Dr. Gibson, Bishop of London. The free school was
founded in 1627, by Thomas Sutton, D.D., who vested
in trustees the sum of £500, collected in the parish of
St. Saviour, Southwark, and other places, with which a
portion of the rectorial tithes of Bampton was purchased.
A school at Roughill was established by Edmund Noble,
and endowed with £9. 15. 10. per annum; and in 1723
Richard Wright founded a school at Measand, which is
endowed with property producing £50 per annum. Here
are also three parochial libraries, established respectively
in 1710, 1750, and 1757, and comprising in the aggregate upwards of 800 volumes. Thomas Gibson, M.D.,
(who married the daughter of Richard Cromwell, son
of the Protector,) physician-general to the army, and
author of a System of Anatomy, was a native of High
Knipe, in the parish; where also was born, in 1669,
his nephew, Edmund Gibson, D.D., Bishop of London,
and editor of two improved editions of Camden's Britannia, and other learned works.
Bampton, Kirk (St. Peter)
BAMPTON, KIRK (St. Peter), a parish, in Cumberland ward, E. division of Cumberland, 6½ miles
(W.) from Carlisle; comprising the townships of KirkBampton, Little Bampton, and Oughterby; and containing 536 inhabitants, of whom 193 are in the township of Kirk-Bampton. This parish is of oblong form,
much greater in extent from east to west than from
north to south. In the east is the village of KirkBampton, a little to the south-west of which lies Oughterby, and in the west is Little Bampton township. The
living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books
at £14. 17. 10.; net income, £100; patrons, alternately,
the Earl of Lonsdale and Sir Wastell Brisco, Bart. There
are two chalybeate springs, one of them discovered in
1826, near Fingland Rigg; the other, called Toddel
Well, has been long known.
Bampton, Little
BAMPTON, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of
Kirk-Bampton, Cumberland ward, E. division of
Cumberland, 5 miles (N. by E.) from Wigton; containing 212 inhabitants. The tithes have been commuted
for £58. 6. 6. payable to the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, and £66. 13. 6. to the rector. The river Wampool
flows at a short distance from the western boundary of
the township.
Banbury (St. Mary)
BANBURY (St. Mary),
a borough, market-town,
and parish, and the head of
a union, chiefly in the hundred of Banbury, county
of Oxford, but partly in
that of King's-Sutton, S.
division of the county of
Northampton, 22 miles
(N.) from Oxford, and 69
(N. W.) from London; containing, with the township
of Neithrop and the hamlets
of Grimsbury and Nethercote, 7366 inhabitants. This
place, called by the Saxons Banesbyrig, is supposed to
have been occupied by the Romans, which opinion is
corroborated by the discovery of Roman coins and an
altar, the latter relic having been preserved under an
archway in front of an inn, until about the year 1775:
there is also, in a field near the south entrance to the
town, a sort of amphitheatre, now called "the Bear Garden," presenting two rows of seats cut in the side of a
hill, and of very ancient date. About the year 1135, a
castle was built here by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln,
who, when taken prisoner by King Stephen, was compelled to resign this, with Newark and other fortresses
which he had erected. It was afterwards restored to
the see, and long continued to be one of the residences
of the bishops, but in the first of Edward VI. was resigned to the crown: it is described by Leland, in the
reign of Henry VIII., as "a castle having two wards,
and each ward a ditch; in the outer is a terrible prison
for convict men; in the north part of the inner ward is
a fair piece of new building of stone." During the war
between the houses of York and Lancaster, the neighbourhood was the scene of a sanguinary conflict, in 1469.
between a vast body of insurgents from the north (said
to have been privately encouraged by the Earl of Warwick) and the army of Edward IV., commanded by the
Earl of Pembroke, who had been joined by Lord Stafford
with about 5000 men. The armies met on a plain called
Danesmoor, near Edgcot, five miles from Banbury; and
a conflict ensued, somewhat advantageous to the insurgents. In the evening, the king's forces having retired
to Banbury, a quarrel took place between Pembroke and
Stafford respecting quarters at the inn; in consequence
of which, Lord Stafford quitted the town with his followers, and left Pembroke alone to meet the enemy (who
had encamped on a hill near the town) on the following
day. In the battle which ensued the royal army was
defeated, with the loss of 4000 men; and the gallant
Pembroke and his brother, Sir Richard Herbert, being
taken prisoners, were on the next day beheaded at this
place, together with ten other gentlemen of the king's
party.
Seal and Arms.
At the commencement of the civil war of the seventeenth century, the inhabitants espoused the cause of
the parliament with so much zeal as to give occasion to
the mirth and raillery of some writers of that and subsequent periods. The castle was at first garrisoned for
the parliament, but was surrendered to the king in the
week following the battle of Edge Hill, Oct. 1642; it
withstood a slight siege from the parliamentarians in
1643, and a very severe one in 1644. After the affair
at Cropredy-Bridge, three miles to the north, on the
29th of June in that year, the siege was pressed with
the utmost vigour; Col. John Fiennes, a son of Lord
Saye, having brought to the assistance of the besieging
party all the disposable forces from Northamptonshire
and Warwickshire. A breach being effected, an assault
was made on Sept. 23rd, but without success. At
length, on Oct. 25th, the Earl of Northampton, having
defeated the parliamentary cavalry on the south side of
the town, was enabled to relieve the garrison, after the
siege had continued thirteen weeks, and when the defenders had eaten all their horses except two: the defence was conducted by Sir William Compton. In
1646 the castle was again besieged, by Col. Whalley,
who encamped before it ten weeks; and the king having now joined the Scottish army, and further resistance being useless, the garrison capitulated on honourable terms. Of this once massive fortress the only vestige is a part of one of the walls, on which a cottage has
been erected, and the site is now occupied by fruitful
gardens.
The town is pleasantly situated in a fertile valley, on
the banks of the small river Cherwell, which separates
this county from Northamptonshire; it formerly consisted of old streets irregularly built, but has been
greatly improved under an act passed in the 6th of
George IV. for paving, lighting, and watching the
borough. The shops are excellent, the streets for the
most part wide and airy, and the footpaths well paved:
the carriage ways are macadamized with a durable kind
of ironstone brought from the border of Leicestershire;
the streets are lighted with gas, and the supply of
water is generally abundant. A subscription library
and mechanics' institute have been established. The
manufacture of plush, shag, and girth-webbing was formerly carried on to a considerable extent, but has of
late somewhat declined. Banbury was noted for a
peculiar kind of cheese, but has long since lost this
distinction; its cakes, however, still enjoy great and
deserved celebrity. The Oxford canal passes close to the
town, communicating with all parts of the kingdom, and
affording facility for every kind of trade; and the Oxford
and Rugby railway, commenced in 1846, runs close to
Banbury, on the east side. The market is on Thursday,
and, from the situation of the town in a fertile and populous agricultural district, is much frequented. Fairs are
held on the first Thursday after Old Twelfth-day and the
three preceding days (which fair is celebrated for the
trade in horses), the third Thursdays in Feb., March, and
April, Holy-Thursday, the third Thursdays in June,
July (for cattle and wool), August, and Sept., the Thursday after Old Michaelmas (which is also a statute-fair
for the hiring of servants), the third Thursday after Old
Michaelmas, the third Thursday in Nov., and the second
Thursday before Christmas.
The inhabitants were originally incorporated in 1554,
by Queen Mary, who granted them a charter, in consideration of services rendered in the suppression of the
Duke of Northumberland's rebellion upon her accession
to the throne. A second was bestowed by James I. in
1609; and in 1718, George I. conferred the charter by
which, until the passing of the Municipal Reform act,
the borough was governed. The corporation, since the
passing of the act, has consisted of a mayor, 4 aldermen,
and 12 councillors, and the number of burgesses is
about 350: a commission of the peace has been issued
to four justices, who hold a court of petty-session
every Monday; and a court of general sessions and
gaol delivery is held by the recorder, four times in
the year. A court of record, which had fallen into
disuse, was revived in 1833, and is regularly held for
determining all kinds of civil causes to the amount of
£40. The powers of the county debt-court of Banbury,
established in 1847, extend over the registration-district
of Banbury. The elective franchise was granted in the
reign of Mary, from which period the borough has continued to return one member to parliament; the mayor
is the returning officer. The borough for municipal purposes comprises 300 acres, but for the election of the
member is co-extensive with the parish, and contains
4182 acres. The town-hall is a modern brick building,
and there is a gaol for the borough, in which a tread-mill
has been erected.
The parish comprises a considerable tract of land
under tillage, and some portions of grazing and meadow;
the surface is partly hilly, and the soil a rich loam, well
cultivated. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued
in the king's books at £22. 0. 2., and in the patronage of
the Bishop of Oxford: it is endowed with 43 acres of
land in the parish of Shutford, and 4 acres in Warkworth, Northamptonshire, together with a modus in lieu
of small tithes; the value of the whole being about £90
a year, which amount has been nearly doubled by the aid
of Queen Anne's Bounty, and partial help from private
sources. The church was erected pursuant to an act
obtained in 1790, under which the old church, a noble
cruciform edifice, and a beautiful specimen of the pointed
style, was taken down: it is a spacious building, with
galleries all round; and the view of the interior, with its
numerous columns, and its lofty ceiling in the form of a
dome, is very imposing, but externally the edifice has a
heavy and inelegant appearance. A district called South
Banbury was formed under the act 6th and 7th Victoria,
cap. 37, of a portion of the parish, in 1846: the living is
a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Crown and
the Bishop alternately. There are places of worship for
Calvinists, the Society of Friends, Independents, Wesleyans, Presbyterians, and others; and a handsome and
commodious Roman Catholic chapel recently erected. A
Blue-coat school, established by subscription in 1705,
and endowed with property to the amount of £80 per
annum, was amalgamated in 1817, with a national school
formed in that year. The poor law union of Banbury
comprises 51 parishes and places, of which one is in the
county of Gloucester, 7 are in Northampton and Warwick
respectively, and 36 in Oxford, the whole containing a
population of 28,482. An hospital dedicated to St. John
stood near the entrance to the town from Oxford, the
remains of which, consisting of the outer walls, have been
incorporated in a private residence; and in the township
of Grimsbury, near the foot of Banbury bridge, another
charitable foundation, for leprous brethren, was anciently
situated, the site of which is still called "the Spital
farm." Among the natural curiosities are many species
of petrifactions; and the surrounding district is rich in
native botany.
Banham (St. Mary)
BANHAM (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and
hundred of Guilt-Cross, W. division of Norfolk,
5 miles (S. by E.) from Attleborough; containing 1165
inhabitants. It comprises about 4000 acres of rich
loamy land, belonging to various proprietors: the village is situated on a gentle eminence. The living is a
rectory, valued in the king's books at £9. 3. 6½., and in
the patronage of the Crown, with a net income of £800:
the glebe comprises 34 acres. The church, a large
handsome building with a square tower surmounted by
a wooden spire, was founded by Sir Hugh Bardolp, Knt.,
whose effigy is in a chapel belonging to the church, and
some trifling remains of whose family seat are still
visible in the parish. There are places of worship for
Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists. About 150 acres
of fen land were awarded for the benefit of the poor, at
the inclosure.
Bank Newton
BANK NEWTON, a township, in the parish of
Gargrave, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York,
6 miles (W.) from Skipton; containing 129 inhabitants.
This township, which is situated in the western portion
of the parish, comprises by computation 2280 acres, all
in meadow and pasture; some of the inclosures are
among the largest in the district of Craven.
Banks, Lancashire.—See Crossens.
BANKS, Lancashire.—See Crossens.
Banks-Fee, or South-Field
BANKS-FEE, or South-Field, a hamlet, in the
parish of Longborough, union of Stow-on-the-Wold,
Upper division of the hundred of Kiftsgate, E. division
of the county of Gloucester, 1½ mile (N. by W.) from
Stow. The small tithes have been commuted for £125.
Banningham (St. Botolph)
BANNINGHAM (St. Botolph), a parish, in the
union of Aylsham, hundred of South Erpingham,
E. division of Norfolk, 2 miles (N. E.) from Aylsham;
containing 329 inhabitants. The parish comprises about
1000 acres of land, of which the surface is flat, and the
soil a strong loam on brick earth. The living is a rectory,
valued in the king's books at £10. 15. 10., and in the
gift of S. Bignold, Esq.: the tithes have been commuted
for £375, and the glebe consists of 18 acres. The church
is in the decorated and later English styles, with a lofty
embattled tower. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists.
Bannister-Hall
BANNISTER-HALL, a hamlet, in the chapelry of
Walton-le-Dale, parish, and Lower division of the
hundred, of Blackburn, union of Preston, N. division
of the county of Lancaster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Preston. It is situated on the river Darwen. The soil is
various, but very good, the surface level, and the scenery
picturesque and beautiful. Here are the extensive printworks of Messrs. Charles Swainson and Co., remarkable
for producing the finest chintz work, wrought by blocks;
this establishment was commenced about 1770, and employs 300 hands. Iron, salt, and magnesia are obtained
in the hamlet. Frenchwood, near Preston, close to which
is the confluence of the Darwen and the Ribble, is the
residence of Mr. Swainson. There is a mineral spring.
Banstead (All Saints)
BANSTEAD (All Saints), a parish, in the union of
Epsom, First division of the hundred of Copthorne,
W. division of Surrey, 3½ miles (E. S. E.) from Epsom;
containing 1168 inhabitants. It is situated on high
ground, on the chalk hill which stretches into Kent;
and comprises 5463 acres, chiefly in pasture: 1375 acres
are common or waste. Banstead Downs are remarkable
for their verdure; and the fine pasturage they afford to
numerous flocks of sheep has long rendered the excellence
of Banstead mutton proverbial: a considerable portion
of them has, however, been brought under tillage of late
years. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the
king's books at £13. 8. 7½.; patron and incumbent, the
Rev. W. L. Buckle. The great tithes, belonging to the
Rev. Mr. Buckle and R. Hudson, Esq., have been commuted for £393, the vicarial for £300, and a rent-charge
of £201. 5. 9. is payable to the trustees of Newport
grammar school; the glebe consists of 6½ acres. The
church is built of flints, and consists of a nave, aisles,
and chancel, with a tower surmounted by a lofty spire.
There is a place of worship for dissenters in the hamlet
of Tadworth.
Banwell (St. Andrew)
BANWELL (St. Andrew), a parish, in the union
of Axbridge, hundred of Winterstoke, E. division of
Somerset, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Axbridge; containing 1819 inhabitants. The manor has been in the
possession of the bishops of Bath and Wells since the
time of Edward the Confessor, with the exception of the
short reign of Edward VI.; one of them built an episcopal palace here, the remains of which, in the early part
of the last century, were converted into a private residence, called Banwell Court. The park was subsequently
divided into inclosures, which were assigned on lease for
lives. Some of the leases, however, were lately bought
up, and the ground disposed in a tasteful manner, by
forming plantations, with drives conducting to pleasing
and richly variegated prospects. The late Bishop Law,
also, in 1827, erected a cottage ornée for his own accommodation, and that of the numerous visiters which the
discovery of two caverns in the rock, one denominated
the Bone, and the other the Stalactite cavern, has
attracted hither. The parish comprises by measurement
5000 acres of land, of which the soil is fertile, and the
substrata abound in mineral varieties; limestone and
blue lias are quarried, and lead, iron, and copper ore
were formerly worked to a very great extent. The
manufacture of paper is carried on, affording employment to about 80 persons. The village is pleasantly
situated under the Mendip Hills, in a vale watered by a
copious stream issuing from a spring formerly in repute
for medicinal properties, and from which the place is
supposed to have taken its name. A fair for fat-cattle is
held on the 18th of January. The Bristol and Exeter
railway passes through the parish, in which a station
has been established. The living is a vicarage, valued
in the king's books at £26. 6. 0½.; patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter of Bristol: their tithes
have been commuted for £225, and the vicarial for £702.
The church is a fine specimen of the later English style,
and contains a richly carved screen and rood-loft, a
finely sculptured stone pulpit, and windows of stained
glass. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A
monastery was founded at Banwell by one of the early
Saxon kings, to the abbacy of which Alfred the Great
appointed Asser, his subsequent biographer: it was entirely demolished in the Danish irruptions; and although
restored, it never recovered its former splendour, and
fell to decay several years before the general suppression
of religious houses. The summit of a neighbouring
eminence is crowned by a British earthwork, inclosing
within its irregular rampart an area of about twenty
acres; and about a quarter of a mile from this is an
intrenchment nearly square, in the centre of which the
ground is elevated in the form of a cross.
Bapchild (St Lawrence)
BAPCHILD (St Lawrence), a parish, in the union
and hundred of Milton, Upper division of the lathe of
Scray, E. division of Kent, 1¼ mile (E. S. E.) from
Sittingbourne; containing 338 inhabitants. Ecclesiastical councils were held here during the heptarchy, in
commemoration of one of which, convened under Archbishop Brightwald in 794, an oratory or chapel was
erected, of which there are still some remains. The
parish comprises 1058 acres, whereof 94 are in wood.
The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's
books at £8; patrons and appropriators, the Dean and
Chapter of Chichester. The great tithes have been
commuted for £435. 5., and the vicarial for £165. 5. 6.;
the appropriate glebe consists of 5 acres, and the vicarial
of 1½ acre. The church is principally in the early
English style, with modern insertions, and has a shingled tower.
Bapton
BAPTON, a tything, in the parish of Fishertonde-la-Mere, union of Wilton, hundred of Warminster, though locally in the hundred of Dunworth,
Warminster and S. divisions of Wilts, 6 miles (N. by
E.) from Hindon; containing 143 inhabitants.
Barbon
BARBON, a chapelry, in the parish of KirkbyLonsdale, union of Kendal, Lonsdale ward, county
of Westmorland, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from KirkbyLonsdale; containing 315 inhabitants. The township
comprises 4204 acres, of which 1960 are common or
waste; the soil is light and gravelly, and its surface undulated, rising to the summit of Barbon Fell. Peat is
in abundance, and there is a small vein of coal. The
North-Western railway runs through the chapelry. The
living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £90; patron,
the Vicar of Kirkby-Lonsdale. The chapel, and a schoolroom adjoining it, were built by subscription, in 1815;
the school has a small endowment, bequeathed by John
Garnett, in the year 1721.
Barby (St. Mary)
BARBY (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
Rugby, hundred of Fawsley, S. division of the county
of Northampton, 6 miles (N. N. W.) from Daventry;
containing, with Onely, 640 inhabitants. This parish,
which is bounded by Warwickshire on the north-west
and partly on the south, comprises by measurement
3353 acres, nearly all pasture; it is intersected by the
Oxford canal, and situated near the London and Birmingham railway. The living is a rectory, valued in
the king's books at £30. 2. 11.; net income, £894;
patrons, the Trustees of the Rev. C. Williams. "Barby
Town Lands" consist of property left for charitable
uses, and vested in feoffees; part of it comprises eight
cottages and an acre and a half of garden-ground, valued
together at £37 per annum, which is applied in aid of a
school.
Barcheston (St. Martin)
BARCHESTON (St. Martin), a parish, in the union
of Shipston-on-Stour, Brails division of the hundred
of Kington, S. division of the county of Warwick, ½ a
mile (E. S. E.) from Shipston; containing, with the
hamlet of Willington, 193 inhabitants. The living is a
discharged rectory, valued in the king's books at
£13. 6. 8.; net income, £193; patron and incumbent,
the Rev. G. D. Wheeler.
Barcombe (St. Mary)
BARCOMBE (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
Chailey, hundred of Barcombe, rape of Lewes, E.
division of Sussex, 4 miles (N. by E.) from Lewes;
containing 1028 inhabitants. It comprises 3106 acres,
whereof 305 are common or waste; and is bounded on
the east by the river Ouse, on which is a flour-mill that
has existed since the Conquest, and has been for more
than a century in the possession of the family of Mr.
Russell Gray, who has also established an extensive oilmill at an expense of £10,000. Sandstone of good
quality is quarried for building purposes. The living is
a rectory, valued in the king's books at £18. 10. 10.;
net income, £719; patron, the Crown. The church is
an ancient edifice in the early English style, with later
additions. A chapel was built at Spithurst in 1841,
by subscription.
Barden
BARDEN, a township, in the parish of Haukswell,
union of Leyburn, wapentake of Hang-West, N. riding
of York, 5½ miles (S. by W.) from Richmond; containing 111 inhabitants. It is a high moorland township,
comprising by computation 1330 acres, and includes the
small hamlet of Barden Dykes. The village is situated
on an acclivity; and the road from Richmond to Leyburn passes on the west of it, at a distance of about two
miles.
Barden
BARDEN, a township, in the chapelry of BoltonAbbey, parish and union of Skipton, E. division of the
wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of
York, 6 miles (N. E. by N.) from Skipton; containing
212 inhabitants. This township, which is situated in the
vale of the river Wharfe, comprises by computation
7000 acres, and includes the high moorland district of
Barden Park, which rises in lofty acclivities from the
western side of the valley. Near the river are the remains of Barden Tower, formerly one of the six lodges
of the forest-keepers, and subsequently enlarged and
converted into an occasional residence of the Clifford
family. Not far from these remains is a chapel in which
the incumbent of Bolton-Abbey officiates.
Bardfield, Great (St. Mary)
BARDFIELD, GREAT (St. Mary), a parish, in
the union of Dunmow, hundred of Freshwell, N. division of Essex, 4½ miles (E. by S.) from Thaxted; containing 1120 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises
3670 acres, is separated on the north from the hundred
of Hinckford by the river Pant, or Blackwater. The
manor was granted by Henry VIII. to his queen, Anne
of Cleves, and after her decease became the property of
the family of Lumley, from whom it passed to others;
it was finally sold to the governors of Guy's Hospital,
London. The village, which was formerly a markettown, and is still of considerable extent, is pleasantly
situated on elevated ground, rising from the bank of a
stream tributary to the Blackwater. A fair is held on
the 22nd of June; and the petty-sessions for the hundred are held here on alternate Mondays. The living is
a vicarage, valued in the king's books at £11, and in
the gift of devisees in trust of the late W. C. Key, Esq.:
the tithes have been commuted for rent-charges of
£262. 11. and £445, the former payable to the incumbent, and the latter to the governors of Guy's Hospital.
The church is an ancient structure of stone, with a
square tower surmounted by a lofty spire of wood
covered with lead, and consists of a nave, north and
south aisles, and a chancel. A chantry was founded in
it by William Bendlow, serjeant-at-law, in 1556.
Bardfield, Little (St. Catherine)
BARDFIELD, LITTLE (St. Catherine), a parish,
in the union of Dunmow, hundred of Freshwell, N.
division of Essex, 3 miles (E.) from Thaxted; containing 375 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises
1654a. 2r. 33p., and is finely situated in a fertile and
well-cultivated district, was granted in the reign of
Edward III. to the abbey of St. John in Colchester.
The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books at
£11, and in the patronage of the Rev. Mordaunt Barnard: the tithes have been commuted for £465, and
there are 63 acres of glebe, with a handsome parsonagehouse. The church is a small ancient edifice, with a
low tower, and contains some monuments to the Walford family. A school, now conducted on the national
plan, was endowed in 1774, with £18 per annum, by
Sarah Barnard, who also endowed an almshouse for
five widows.
Bardfield-Saling (St. Margaret)
BARDFIELD-SALING (St. Margaret), a parish,
in the union of Dunmow, hundred of Freshwell, N.
division of Essex, 5¾ miles (N. E.) from Dunmow;
containing 381 inhabitants, and comprising about 1100
acres. The living is a donative; net income, £75;
patron, W. Sandel, Esq.; impropriator, J. M. Raikes,
Esq. It was returned in the reign of Henry VIII. as a
chantry, and granted to Henry Needham, by whom it
was conveyed to George Maxey, but it was recovered by
suit in chancery, on condition of his being allowed to
appoint the chaplain.
Bardney (St. Lawrence)
BARDNEY (St. Lawrence), a parish, in the W.
division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lincoln, 10 miles (W.) from
Horncastle; containing, with the hamlet of Southrow,
1192 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 5019
acres, of which 1711 are arable, 2500 pasture, and 808
woodland. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued
in the king's books at £7; net income, £60; patron
and appropriator, the Bishop of Lincoln, whose tithes
have been commuted for £280, exclusively of Southrow.
There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A free
grammar school was founded in 1711 by Thomas
Kitchen, who endowed it for the benefit of the children
of Bardney, Bucknall, and Tupholm, with a salary of
£35 per annum for the master, together with a house
and garden. There is also an almshouse for fourteen
widowers and widows. A monastery here, in which
Ethelred, King of Mercia, became a monk in 704, was
destroyed by the Danes in 870; and, about the period
of the Conquest, was restored for a society of Benedictine monks, by Gilbert de Gaunt, Earl of Lincoln:
the revenue, at the Dissolution, amounted to £429. 7.
Bardon-Park
BARDON-PARK, an extra-parochial liberty, in the
union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe,
S. division of the county of Leicester, 9½ miles (N. W.
by W.) from Leicester; containing 63 inhabitants. This
place comprises about 1200 acres of land. Bardon hill
is the highest and most conspicuous elevation in the
county, and is 853 feet above the level of the sea: a
greater extent of surface is visible from its summit than
from any equal altitude in the kingdom, chiefly owing
to its central situation and the absence of any contiguous hills by which the range of view might be
obstructed. Upwards of 5000 square miles, or 3,000,000
of acres, may be seen, it is said, from this summit.
Bardsea
BARDSEA, a township, in the parish of Urswick,
union of Ulverston, hundred of Lonsdale north of
the Sands, N. division of the county of Lancaster,
3 miles (S. by E.) from Ulverston; containing 263 inhabitants. Here are several malt-kilns, and in the
neighbourhood is a copper-mine. A school is endowed
with a rent-charge of £8.