Salisbury - Salwarpe
SALISBURY, a city,
having separate civil jurisdiction, locally in the hundred of Underditch, S. division of Wilts, 82 miles
(S. W. by W.) from London;
containing 10,086 inhabitants. This city owes its
origin to the ruin of Old
Sarum. The bishops of the
diocese for some time had
their seat in that place; but
from its exposed situation
on an eminence, its want of water, and the annoyance
to which the bishops were subject from its military
tenants, who not only levied contributions on their
property, but insulted the priests in the exercise of their
devotions, Bishop Herbert Pauper solicited permission
from the pope to transfer the see to a more appropriate
spot. Bishop Poore, his successor, selected the site of
the new city, in a pleasant vale, about two miles from
Old Sarum; and in 1220 laid the foundation of the
present magnificent cathedral. The completion of that
edifice was followed by the removal not only of the
members of the establishment, but also of the inhabitants, who, gradually deserting the old town, built houses
near the church; and Salisbury consequently soon
grew into importance. Its progress was much accelerated by a charter of Henry III., constituting the place
a free city, and conferring on its inhabitants the same
privileges and immunities as were enjoyed by the people
of Winchester. That monarch also empowered the
bishop to surround the city and the cathedral-close with
walls and ditches, to repair the roads and bridges, and
to levy tallage for the completion of the walls. Disputes arising between the ecclesiastical authorities and
the citizens respecting these aids, in the reign of Edward
I., both parties appealed to the king in council, who
decided in favour of the bishop, and deprived the citizens of their charter, which was subsequently restored
to them upon an amicable arrangement of the matter by
the parties themselves. About this period. Bishop Bridport built a bridge at Harnham, and thus changing the
direction of the great western road, which passed through
Old Sarum, that place was completely deserted, and
Salisbury became one of the most flourishing cities in
the kingdom.
Seal and Arms.
Edward I. presided over a parliament here, to deliberate upon measures for recovering the province of Gascoigne, that had been seized upon by Philip of France;
on which occasion none of the clergy assisted, the king
having suspended them from the exercise of their secular functions for refusing him aid. In the reign of
Edward III., a second parliament, for inquiring into the
state of the kingdom, was held at Salisbury, to which
Mortimer, Earl of March, and his partisans, came with
their followers in arms. The Earls of Kent, Norfolk,
and Lancaster, who, on being summoned to attend,
were prohibited by Mortimer from appearing with any
military forces, perceiving on their arrival the warlike
preparations of his adherents, retreated for the purpose
of assembling their retainers, and returning with an
army, were about to take vengeance on Mortimer, when
the quarrel was compromised through the intervention
of the clergy. From the time of Edward I., the bishops
and the citizens appear to have lived in harmony, till
the time of Richard II., when the prelate requiring the
corporation to concur with him in his efforts to suppress
the meetings of the Lollards, who assembled here in
great numbers, the latter refused, and the bishop appealing to the crown, obtained an order in council compelling them to assist him in that object. In the reign of
Richard III., the Duke of Buckingham, who had headed
an unsuccessful insurrection against the king, was taken
prisoner in his retreat, and being brought hither, was
immediately executed, in 1484, without any trial. No
other event of historical importance appears in connexion with the city, till the interregnum after the close
of the parliamentary war, when Col. Wyndham, with
other gentlemen of the county, marched into Salisbury
with 200 armed men, and proclaimed Charles II. king;
but they were not supported by the inhabitants of the
surrounding country.
The city is pleasantly situated in a spacious valley,
near the confluence of the Nadder and the Willey with
the river Avon; and consists of several principal streets
regularly formed, and intersected at right angles by
smaller ones, dividing the town into a number of
squares called Chequers. These squares derived their
form from the original grant by the bishops of a certain
number of perches in front and in depth allotted for
building; the areas are laid out in gardens. Most of
the buildings are of brick, and modern; many of them
are handsome, while some are irregular in form and
size, and constructed with timber and brick-work
plastered over. The waters of the river run through
most of the streets in canals lined with brick, and contribute greatly to their cleanliness. The city is connected by two stone bridges of six arches each, with
the suburb of Fisherton, including which it occupies an
area nearly three-quarters of a mile square. It is joined
to the suburb of East Harnham by an ancient bridge of
ten arches, divided into two parts by a small islet, on
which was formerly a chapel dedicated to St. John,
where three chaplains were appointed to say mass, and
to receive the contributions of passengers towards keeping the bridge in repair. Some improvement has been
lately effected in paving and lighting, and the town is
amply supplied with water. The Salisbury and Wiltshire library and newsroom was established in 1819,
and is supported by a proprietary and by annual subscriptions. A small neat theatre is opened for some
months in the winter; assemblies and concerts are held
occasionally, and races take place in August.
Salisbury was formerly celebrated for its manufactures of flannels, druggets, and the cloths called Salisbury Whites; but these branches of trade are now
almost extinct, and what remains is confined to a
very inconsiderable number of persons. The town,
however, is still noted for the manufacture of select
articles of cutlery of superior quality, though the sale
is limited; and a silk-factory, employing about 120
persons, has been established for some years. The
Salisbury canal, joining the Andover line near Romsey,
was originally intended to be continued westward to
Bath and Bristol, connecting the Bristol and English
Channels, but the completion of the design was abandoned. An act was passed in 1845 for the construction
of the Wilts, Somerset, and Weymouth railway, one of
whose termini is at Salisbury. The Romsey and Salisbury branch of the London and South-Western railway
was opened in 1847; it quits the main line at Bishop'sStoke, and is 21 miles in length. In 1846 an act was
obtained for making another branch of the same railway, from Basingstoke to Andover and Salisbury, 32
miles long. The market-days are Tuesday and Saturday; the former for corn, of which there is an abundant supply, and the latter for cheese and all kinds of
provisions: a large cattle-market is held every alternate Tuesday. The fairs are on Tuesday after January
6th, for cattle; the Tuesday after the 25th of March,
for cloth; Whit Monday and Tuesday, for horses and
pedlery; and October 20th, for butter and cheese. The
poultry cross, which appears to have been built in the
reign of Edward III., and of which only the lower part
is remaining, is situated without the south-west corner
of the market-place, an extensive quadrilateral area.
The first charter granted to the city was that by
Henry III., in the eleventh year of his reign, which was
confirmed by several succeeding sovereigns; but the control, at the time of the passing of the Municipal Corporations' act, was wholly regulated by the charters bestowed
by James I., Charles I. and II., and Queen Anne. The
government, agreeably with that act, is now vested in a
mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors. The
municipal boundaries are co-extensive with those for
parliamentary purposes; the city is divided into three
wards, and the number of magistrates is five. Salisbury
exercised the elective franchise in the 23rd of Edward I.,
since which time it has continued to return two members to parliament; the borough was extended in 1832,
and now comprises an area of 601 acres: the mayor is
returning officer. The recorder holds quarterly courts
of session. On the part of the bishop are a bailiff
and deputy-bailiff, who may hold a court of record for
the recovery of debts to any amount, but no process
has issued for several years past; they hold a court leet
for the bishop as lord of the manor. The spring assize
and the Lent quarter-session for the county regularly
take place here, and petty-sessions occur every Monday.
The powers of the county debt-court of Salisbury,
established in 1847, extend over the registration-districts of Salisbury, Alderbury, Amesbury, and Wilton.
The council-house, having been destroyed by fire, was
rebuilt in 1795, under the provisions of an act of parliament, at the expense of the late Earl of Radnor; it is
a handsome building of white brick, with rustic quoins
and cornices of stone, and consists of two wings connected by a central vestibule. The county gaol and bridewell, at the western extremity of Fisherton-Anger, was
erected in 1818, at an expense of about £30,000.
The seat of the diocese was originally established
about the beginning of the tenth century, at Wilton, in
this county, where it continued under the superintendence of eleven successive bishops. Hermannus,
the last of these, having been appointed to the see
of Sherborne, annexed that bishopric to Wilton, and
founded a cathedral for the united dioceses at Old
Sarum. The see remained at Old Sarum till the year
1220, when Richard le Poore transferred the episcopal
chair to Salisbury, where it has since remained. Under
the provisions of the act 6th and 7th of William IV.,
cap. 77, a considerable alteration has been made in
the territorial extent of the diocese, which now comprises the county of Dorset, and part of Wiltshire. The
establishment consists of a
bishop, dean, precentor,
chancellor, treasurer, five
canons residentiary, three
archdeacons (for Dorset, Sarum, and Wilts), a subdean, succentor, thirty-eight
prebendaries, four minor canons or priest-vicars, six
singing men, eight choristers, and an organist. The
bishop appoints the precentor, the chancellors of the
church and diocese, the treasurer, archdeacons, subdean,
succentor, and prebendaries, and has an income of
£5000. The Dean and Chapter have the patronage of
the minor canonries.
Arms of the Bishopric.
The cathedral, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin
Mary, begun by Richard le Poore in 1220, and completed in 1258, is one of the most interesting ecclesiastical edifices in the kingdom. It is in the form of a
double cross, with a highly-enriched tower, rising from
the intersection of the nave and larger transepts, and
surmounted by a lofty spire which attains the height of
400 feet from the pavement, being the highest in England. The whole building, with the exception only of
the upper part of the tower, and the spire, which are
of later date, is in the purest style of early English
architecture. The west front is divided into five compartments, by buttresses ornamented with canopied
niches filled with statues; and between the two central
buttresses is the principal entrance, through a richlymoulded arch of spacious dimensions: above the entrance is a large window, and at the angles of the front
are square embattled towers, finely enriched, and surmounted by spires. The north front is of considerable
beauty; and the end fronts of the transepts, projecting
boldly from the sides of the main building, and displaying, in successive series of arches, a pleasing variety of
composition, corresponding with the general style, are
a fine relief to the exterior.
The interior is exquisitely beautiful, from the loftiness of
its elevation and the delicacy and lightness of its structure.
The nave is separated from the aisles by clustered columns
and pointed arches; the roof, which is plainly groined,
is 84 feet high, and the space above the columns is
occupied by a triforium of elegant design, and a range
of clerestory windows of three lights, of which the central is higher than the rest. The larger transepts, of the
same character with the nave, consist of three arches
of similar arrangement; and the smaller, of two arches.
The choir is divided from the nave by a screen of modern workmanship supporting the organ; it consists of
seven arches, and by the removal of the altar-screen,
has been connected with the Lady chapel, the roof of
which, being lower than that of the choir, in a great
degree destroys the effect. The bishop's throne, the
pulpit, and the prebendal stalls, are of finely-executed
tabernacle-work, and harmonise with the prevailing
character of the building; the floor of the choir is of
black and white marble, and the east window is embellished with a painting of the Resurrection, by Eginton,
from a design by Sir Joshua Reynolds. The choir is
also ornamented with a painting of the Elevation of the
Brazen Serpent in the Wilderness, from a design by
Mortimer, executed by Pearson, the gift of the late Earl
of Radnor. The cathedral was lately repaired, under
the superintendence of Mr. Wyatt, at an expense of
£26,000; the chapels in the transepts have been removed, and their principal ornaments are now distributed in various parts of the building. In the nave,
choir, and transepts, are numerous monuments to
bishops of the see, among which are those of Bishops
Joceline and Roger, the latter perhaps the earliest specimen of monumental sculpture extant; also a monument
of a chorister bishop, one of the children of the choir,
who died while personating the character of a bishop,
according to custom, during the festival of St. Nicholas.
There are several monuments to earls of Salisbury, and
the neighbouring nobility and gentry. The cloisters
are the largest and most magnificent of any in the kingdom, and the cathedral close has entrance gateways of
ancient character and of elegant design. The chapterhouse, of an octagonal form, is a beautiful building
lighted by lofty windows, with a roof supported by one
central clustered column; the frieze is ornamented with
subjects from the sacred writings in bas-relief, which
are in tolerable preservation. The episcopal palace is
the work of different times, and combines various styles;
a considerable portion was erected by Dr. Shute Barrington: it contains portraits of nearly all the modern
prelates of the see.
The city comprises the parish of St. Edmund, containing 4461 inhabitants; part of St. Martin's, 3051;
and the parish of St. Thomas, 2515; also the extraparochial district of the Cathedral Close, with 596 inhabitants. The living of St. Edmund's is a perpetual
curacy; net income, £176; patron, the Bishop. The
church was formerly collegiate, and is a fine structure
in the later English style, with a tower which, having
fallen down in 1653, was rebuilt in an appropriate manner; the chancel has been modernised, and contains a
beautiful painted window of the Ascension, by Eginton,
the gift of the late Samuel Whitchurch, Esq. The living
of St. Martin's is a vicarage, valued in the king's books
at £11. 3. 1½.; net income, £188; patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter. The church is a spacious building, combining different styles, with a tower
surmounted by a spire. The living of St. Thomas' is a
perpetual curacy; net income, £118; patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter. The church is a
large handsome edifice in the later English style, with a
tower on the south side of the south aisle; the chancel
and some other parts are specimens of considerable
merit, and among the monuments is one supposed to be
that of the Duke of Buckingham who was executed
here in the reign of Richard III. There are places of
worship for Independents, Baptists, Wesleyans, Unitarians, and Roman Catholics. The grammar school in
the Close is for the education of eight boys: among
the scholars taught in it was Addison, the poet. The
city grammar school was instituted by Queen Elizabeth, and is endowed with £15. 9. 1. crown rents, and
£10. 12. 2. previously appropriated to the schools at
Trowbridge and Bradford, in lieu of which it was established. Among the other schools is one endowed by
the late Charles Godolphin, Esq., for the maintenance
and education of eight orphans, daughters of poor gentlemen; the mistress is allowed £280 per annum, and
£30 for house rent. The Infirmary, a commodious
brick building near Fisherton bridge, owes its origin to
Lord Feversham, who bequeathed £500 to the first institution of the kind which should be established in the
county. The College of Matrons was founded in 1683,
for the maintenance of the widows of ten clergymen, by
Seth Ward, bishop of the diocese, who assigned to it
certain property which was augmented by a bequest by
W. Benson Earle in 1794, and some subsequent donations; the buildings are within the Close, and the establishment is under the direction of the Bishop, and the
Dean and Chapter.
Bishop Richard le Poore established an hospital near
Harnham bridge for a master, eight aged men, and four
women, which was completed by his successor, Bishop
Bingham, and is now occupied by a master, six aged
men, and six women. Trinity Hospital, instituted in
1379 by Agnes Boltenham, and augmented in 1397 by
John Chandler, was placed upon its present foundation
by charter of James I., and the endowment has since
received several additions. Among other similar establishments are, Bricket's hospital, in Exeter-street, established in 1534, for six aged men or women; Eyre's
hospital, in Winchester-street, in 1617, for six men and
their wives; Blechynden's hospital, in Green Croft-street,
in 1683, for six aged widows; Taylor's hospital, in
Bedwin-street, founded in 1698, and the endowment
subsequently augmented by Matthew Best and Francis
Swanton, for six aged men; and Frowd's hospital, in
Rolleston-street, instituted in 1750, for six aged men and
six women. The affairs of the poor of the three parishes
are under a local act; the Close is in the union of Alderbury. A college was established here by Egidius de
Bridport in 1260, in which many of the students who
had retired from Oxford in consequence of their quarrel
with Otho, the Pope's legate, in 1238, afterwards continued their studies. There were formerly remains of a
monastery of Grey friars, instituted by the Bishop of
Salisbury, in the reign of Henry III., on a site given by
that monarch; of a convent of Black friars, to which
Edward I., if not the founder of it, was at least a considerable benefactor; of the hospital of St. Michael;
and the college of St. Erith.
Among the natives of the city have been, Walter
Winterton, cardinal of St. Sabric; William Herman,
author of several works in prose and verse; John
Thornborough, Bishop of Worcester; George Coryate,
author of The Crudities; Michael Muschant, an able
civilian and poet; Sir Toby Matthews, a celebrated
Jesuit and politician; Dr. Thomas Bennet, a divine and
writer; Thomas Chubb and John Eden, distinguished
controversial writers; John Greenhill, portrait-painter;
William and Henry Lawes, musicians and composers;
Dr. Harris, an eminent historian and biographer; James
Harris, author of Hermes; John Tobin, author of The
Honeymoon, and other dramatic works; and the late
Admiral Tobin, who died in 1838. Salisbury gives the
title of Marquess to the family of Cecil.
Salkeld-Gate.—See Plumpton-Wall.
SALKELD-GATE.—See Plumpton-Wall.
Salkeld, Great (St. Cuthbert)
SALKELD, GREAT (St. Cuthbert), a parish, in
the union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of
Cumberland, 3 miles (S. by W.) from Kirk-Oswald;
containing 441 inhabitants. It comprises by measurement 3600 acres, of which about 1000 are rough pasture, 250 woodland, and the remainder chiefly arable.
The river Eden is crossed here by a bridge of singular
construction, with elliptical, semicircular, and pointed
arches, partly built with the materials of an old bridge
taken down about seventy years since: the remains ot a
pier belonging to a still more ancient structure, demolished by a great flood in 1360, are yet visible in the
stream. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's
books at £22. 10. 10.; net income, £345; patron, the
Bishop of Carlisle. The church tower, which appears to
have contained four rooms one above another, was formerly resorted to as a place of security, and under it is
a dungeon. There are places of worship for Presbyterians and Primitive Methodists. In the neighbourhood are vestiges of an ancient encampment, the ramparts of which are twelve feet high; on the common is
a chalybeate spring. Among eminent natives of the
parish have been, Dr. George Benson, a nonconformist
divine and biblical critic, born in 1699; Rowland
Wetheral, the mathematician and astronomer, born in
the middle of the last century; and the late Lord Ellenborough, chief justice of the king's bench.
Salkeld, Little
SALKELD, LITTLE, a township, in the parish of
Addingham, union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of the county of Cumberland, 3½ miles (S.) from
Kirk-Oswald; containing 120 inhabitants.
Sall (St. Peter and St. Paul)
SALL (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in the
union of Aylsham, hundred of Eynsford, E. division of Norfolk, 1¾ mile (N. N. E.) from Reepham;
containing 267 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1802a.
3r. 15p., of which 1100 acres are arable, 609 pasture and
meadow, and 55 woodland. Sall House is a handsome
mansion, situated in a well-wooded park. The living is
a rectory, valued in the king's books at £12. 19. 7., and
in the gift of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge: the tithes
have been commuted for £560, and the glebe comprises
30 acres, with a house lately enlarged. The church is a
stately cruciform structure, principally in the later English style, with a lofty embattled tower crowned by pinnacles; the chancel is separated from the nave by a
carved screen, and on each side are thirteen stalls.
Salmonby (St. Margaret)
SALMONBY (St. Margaret), a parish, in the union
of Horncastle, hundred of Hill, parts of Lindsey,
county of Lincoln, 5¼ miles (E. N. E.) from the town
of Horncastle; containing 116 inhabitants. The living
is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books at
£5. 10. 2½.; net income, £308; patron and incumbent,
the Rev. H. Fielding.
Salperton (All Saints)
SALPERTON (All Saints), a parish, in the union
of Northleach, hundred of Bradley, E. division of
the county of Gloucester, 5 miles (N. w. by N.) from
Northleach; containing 206 inhabitants. The parish
comprises an area of nearly 1400 acres, of which the
surface is undulated, and the soil generally stony, and of
little depth. It is situated a little to the north of the
road from Northleach to Cheltenham, and to the south
of that from Stow-on-the-Wold to the same town. The
living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of John Browne,
Esq., with a net income of £95. The tithes were commuted for land in 1780.
Salsey Forest
SALSEY FOREST, an extra-parochial liberty, in
the union of Potters-Pury, hundred of Cleley, S.
division of Northamptonshire, 6½ miles (S. S. E.)
from Northampton; containing 20 inhabitants.
Salt, with Enson
SALT, with Enson, a township, in the parish of
St. Mary and St. Chad, Stafford, union of Stafford, S. division of the hundred of Pirehill, N. division of the county of Stafford, 4 miles (N. E. by N.)
from Stafford; containing 580 inhabitants. The tithes
have been commuted for £247, payable to the trustees of
the Stafford charities. A church dedicated to St. James
has been erected and endowed by Earl Talbot, in whom
the patronage is vested. There is also a place of worship for Wesleyans.
Saltash, or Essay
SALTASH, or Essay, a
market-town and chapelry,
and formerly a representative borough, in the parish of
St. Stephen, union of St.
Germans, locally in the S.
division of the hundred of
East, E. division of Cornwall, 4 miles (N. N. W.)
from Plymouth, 21 (S. S. E.)
from Launceston, and 220
(W. S. W.) from London;
containing 1541 inhabitants.
This place at an early period obtained a high degree of
importance; and about 1393, the assizes for the county
were regularly held here. During the war in the reign
of Charles I., the town sustained repeated assaults from
both of the contending parties, by which it was alternately possessed, till its final abandonment by the royalists in 1646. It is pleasantly situated on a steep rocky
elevation rising from the western bank of the river
Tamar, and consists principally of three narrow streets
irregularly formed; the houses in general are of ancient
appearance. The inhabitants are chiefly seafaring men
and others employed in the fisheries, or connected with
the docks of Devonport. There are still some extensive
malting concerns, for which the place was formerly celebrated. The market is on Tuesday, and a market for
provisions is held on Saturday. Fairs are held on the
2nd of February and 25th of July, mostly for cattle;
and four quarterly cattle-markets on the Tuesdays preceding the quarter-days.
Seal and Arms.
The first charter of incorporation was granted in the
reign of Henry III.; it was confirmed by Richard II.,
and renewed with additional privileges by Elizabeth,
Charles II., and George III. The municipal body consists of a mayor and six aldermen, styled "the Council
of the Borough," with an indefinite number of free burgesses, assisted by a recorder and other officers. The
property of the oyster-fishery to the mouth of the Tamar,
except between Candlemas and Easter, with river dues
for anchorage, buoyage, and salvage, and a right of
ferry, is vested in the corporation. The magistrates hold
a court of record, and a general court of quarter-sessions,
for the borough and liberties; and the inhabitants are
exempt from all church and county rates, and from
serving on juries, except in their own courts. Saltash
first returned members to parliament in the reign of
Edward VI.; it was disfranchised by the act 2nd of William IV., cap. 45. The court of record, established by
charter of George III., for the recovery of debts to any
amount, is held every week, the mayor and aldermen, or
any two of them, presiding. The living is a perpetual
curacy, in the patronage of the family of Hawks; net
income, £45; appropriators, the Dean and Canons of
Windsor. The chapel, dedicated to St. Nicholas, is an
ancient structure with a fine massive tower, and contains a magnificent monument to the memory of three
brothers named Drew. There are places of worship for
Baptists and Wesleyans; and a grammar school endowed with £6. 7. 6. per annum.
Saltby (St. Peter)
SALTBY (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of
Melton-Mowbray, hundred of Framland, N. division
of the county of Leicester, 8¼ miles (N. E.) from Melton-Mowbray; containing 299 inhabitants. It is situated on the border of Lincolnshire, near the road from
Grantham to Melton-Mowbray, and about equi-distant
from those towns. The living is a discharged vicarage,
consolidated with that of Sproxton, and valued in the
king's books at £7. The church is chiefly in the later
English style, with some Norman details, and has a very
elegant window on the south side of the nave.
Salter
SALTER, an extra-parochial district, in the union of
Bootle, Allerdale ward above Derwent, W. division
of the county of Cumberland, 8 miles (E. by S.) from
Whitehaven; containing, with Eskat, 40 inhabitants,
and 490 acres of land.
Salterforth
SALTERFORTH, a township, in the parish of Barnoldswick, union of Skipton, E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and Ewcross, W. riding of York,
8¼ miles (S. W. by W.) from Skipton; containing 676
inhabitants. It comprises 1139 acres, of which a considerable portion, called White moor, was inclosed in
1815. Limestone of excellent quality is quarried extensively by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal Company; and
there is a large quarry of good freestone. The village
is situated on the banks of the canal.
Salterhebble
SALTERHEBBLE, an ecclesiastical district, in the
parish and union of Halifax, wapentake of Morley,
W. riding of York, 1¼ mile (S.) from Halifax; containing about 2000 inhabitants. This district was constituted in November 1845, under the act 6th and 7th of
Victoria, cap. 37. It comprises about 1000 acres; the
surface on the north side is level, while on the other
sides the district is remarkable for its picturesque valleys. The river Hebble, the Calder and Hebble canal,
the Manchester and Leeds railway, and the road from
Halifax to Huddersfield, pass through. The canal,
which runs up to Halifax, is supplied with water brought
by machinery from the Hebble. The population is
chiefly employed in worsted manufactories, some of
which are on a very large scale; and the district abounds
in excellent freestone. The living is a perpetual curacy,
in the gift of the Crown and the Bishop of Ripon, alternately. Divine service is performed in a licensed room;
and there is a place of worship for dissenters.
Salterns, Great
SALTERNS, GREAT, an extra-parochial district, in
the hundred of Portsdown, union of Portsea Island,
Fareham and S. divisions of the county of Southampton; containing 26 inhabitants, and comprising 452
acres of land.
Saltersford
SALTERSFORD, a chapelry, in the parish of Prestbury, union and hundred of Macclesfield, N. division of the county of Chester, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from
Macclesfield. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the
gift of the Vicar of Prestbury, with a net income of
£47: the chapel is a neat edifice, erected in 1731. Saltersford gives the inferior title of Baron to the family of
Stanhope, earls of Courtown.
Salters-Street
SALTERS-STREET, an ecclesiastical district, in the
parish of Tanworth, union of Solihull, Warwick division of the hundred of Kington, S. division of the
county of Warwick, 2½ miles (W. by N.) from Hockley; containing 1010 inhabitants. It is bounded on the
north-east by the turnpike-road between Birmingham
and Henley, and is intersected by the Birmingham and
Stratford canal. Brick-making is carried on. The living
is in the patronage of the Vicar of Tanworth, and has a
net income of £120, chiefly paid by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. The church was erected in 1840, at a
cost of £1400, derived from land sold to the Canal Company, and is a neat building with a cupola: it is dedicated to St. Patrick. A boys' and girls' school is supported by subscription, aided by an endowment.
Salterton
SALTERTON, a hamlet, in the parish of Durnford,
union and hundred of Amesbury, Salisbury and Amesbury, and S. divisions of Wilts; with 91 inhabitants.
Saltfleet-Haven
SALTFLEET-HAVEN, a hamlet, and formerly a
market-town, in the parish of Skidbrook, union of
Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of Louth-Eske,
parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 38 miles (N. E.
by E.) from Lincoln. This place is situated on the seashore, and in 1359 was of sufficient note to furnish two
ships and 49 men to the navy of Edward III., for the
invasion of Brittany. So lately as half a century since,
when the market was discontinued, it was of some importance; but it is now decayed: the old town, it is
said, was destroyed by an inundation of the sea. A
fair is held on Oct. 3rd, which is celebrated for its show
of foals. Here is a fine bed of oysters. The Wesleyans
have a place of worship.
Saltfleetby (All Saints)
SALTFLEETBY (All Saints), a parish, in the
union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of
Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln,
10¼ miles (E. by N.) from Louth; containing 181 inhabitants. It comprises about 1500 acres of rich marsh
land, extending eastward to the sea-coast. The living
is a rectory, valued in the king's books at £12. 19. 4½.,
and in the gift of Magdalen College, Oxford: the tithes
have been commuted for £305, and the glebe comprises
28 acres. The church is a neat structure, with a tower
containing five bells. There is a place of worship for
Wesleyans. The Rev. Dr. Cholmeley, rector, in 1785
bequeathed the sum of £200, which with accumulations
now produces £32. 16. per annum, for the poor.
Saltfleetby (St. Clement)
SALTFLEETBY (St. Clement), a parish, in the
union of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of
Louth-Eske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln,
10½ miles (E. N. E.) from Louth; containing 109 inhabitants. It comprises about 1000 acres of land, on the
sea-coast; the surface is level, but well drained, and the
soil is strong and rich. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books at £7. 0. 1., and in the
gift of Earl Brownlow: the tithes have been commuted
for £263. 7., and the glebe contains 3 acres. The church
is a small edifice, thoroughly repaired in 1841.
Saltfleetby (St. Peter)
SALTFLEETBY (St. Peter), a parish, in the union
of Louth, Marsh division of the hundred of LouthEske, parts of Lindsey, county of Lincoln, 8½ miles
(E. by N.) from Louth; containing 246 inhabitants.
This place, with Saltfleetby St. Clement's and All Saints',
forms one long and scattered village. It is much embellished by the handsome seat of Saltfleetby House,
near which is an observatory commanding pleasing and
extensive prospects both of sea and land. The living is
a rectory, valued in the king's books at £5, and in the
gift of Oriel College, Oxford: the impropriate tithes
have been commuted for £240, and the incumbent's for
a like sum; the glebe comprises 20 acres. The church
is a small building with a tower.
Saltford (St. Mary)
SALTFORD (St. Mary), a parish, in the union and
hundred of Keynsham, E. division of Somerset, 5¼
miles (W. N. W.) from Bath; containing 427 inhabitants.
It is bounded on the east and north by the river Avon,
and comprises about 823 acres; the surface is varied,
and the soil of different qualities. On the bank of the
river are some extensive brass-works. A cutting has been
made here for the Great Western railway through a
stratum of blue lias, to the extent of 525,000 cubic
yards; and an embankment has been constructed, containing 583,400 yards. The living is a discharged
rectory, valued in the king's books at £10. 5. 10., and
in the gift of the Duke of Buckingham: the tithe rentcharge is £185, and the glebe comprises 13 acres.
Salt-Hill
SALT-HILL, a village, partly in the parish of Farnham-Royal, hundred of Burnham, and partly in the
parishes of Stoke-Poges and Upton, hundred of Stoke,
union of Eton, county of Buckingham, 2 miles (N.)
from Eton. This place is situated on the road to Bath,
and distinguished by two large inns. It is noted as
having been connected with the triennial ceremony of
the Eton scholars, termed the Montem, when a procession repaired to a tumulus on the south side of the road,
which probably acquired the name Salt-Hill from the
money collected by the boys being called "Salt-Money."
The Great Western railway passes near the village, and
has a station at Slough.
Salthouse (St. Nicholas)
SALTHOUSE (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the
union of Erpingham, hundred of Holt, W. division
of Norfolk, 2¼ miles (E.) from Clay; containing 266
inhabitants. It comprises 1559a. 2r. 8p., of which 631
acres are arable, and 905 meadow and pasture; the surface is undulated, and the higher grounds command fine
views of the sea. The neighbourhood is much frequented by wild fowl, and in the pools are great numbers
of eels. The living is a discharged rectory, annexed to
that of Kelling, and valued in the king's books at £20:
the tithes have been commuted for £219. 11., and the
glebe comprises one acre. The church is a handsome
structure in the later English style, with a lofty square
embattled tower, formerly surmounted by a spire; the
foundation of a second church may still be traced in the
burial-ground. There is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists.
Salthrop
SALTHROP, a tything, in the parish of Wroughton, union of Highworth and Swindon, hundred of
Elstub and Everley, Swindon and N. divisions of the
county of Wilts; containing 56 inhabitants.
Saltley, with Washwood
SALTLEY, with Washwood, a hamlet, in the parish and union of Aston, Birmingham division of the
hundred of Hemlingford, N. division of the county of
Warwick; containing 695 inhabitants. In the time of
Henry II. this place was called Saluthley, and belonged
to the Rokebys. It was subsequently held by the family
of Clodshale, who had their seat here, and one of whom
received licence from Bishop Stretton in the 34th of
Edward III. for an oratory or chapel at Saltley. The
village lies in the hamlet of Duddeston, a short distance
east of the town of Birmingham, and is remarkable for
a handsome viaduct. Here are also the newly-erected
and extensive works of Mr. Henry Wright, for building
railway-carriages. A room has been licensed by the
bishop for divine service.
Saltmarsh
SALTMARSH, an extra-parochial district, in the
poor-law union of Bromyard, hundred of Broxash,
county of Hereford; containing 12 inhabitants, and
comprising 127 acres of land.
Saltmarsh
SALTMARSH, a township, in the parish and union
of Howden, wapentake of Howdenshire, E. riding of
York, 4½ miles (S. E.) from Howden; containing 157
inhabitants. It comprises about 960 acres of a fertile
soil, and is situated on the north side of the river Ouse,
across which is a ferry. The Hall is a handsome stone
mansion, with a well-wooded lawn and pleasure-grounds,
the seat of the Saltmarsh family. The village is on the
bank of the river, and nearly opposite to Reedness.
Salton (St. John of Beverley)
SALTON (St. John of Beverley), a parish, in the
union of Malton, wapentake of Ryedale, N. riding of
the county of York; containing, with the township of
Brawby, 371 inhabitants, of whom 153 are in Salton
township, 6¾ miles (W. S. W.) from Pickering. The
parish comprises by computation 2810 acres of generally level and fertile land, extending from the river
Dove to the Seven, near the former of which the village
is seated. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in
the king's books at £4. 10. 10.; net income, £90; patron, E. Woodall, Esq.
Saltwell, or Saltwell-Side
SALTWELL, or Saltwell-Side, a rural district,
in the parish of Gateshead, E. division of Chester
ward, N. division of the county of Durham, 2 miles (S.)
from Gateshead. This locality is formed of the side of
a hill rising from the Team rivulet, and extending in an
eastern direction to the turnpike-road from Newcastle to
Durham. It is remarkable for the salubrity of its air, and
commands fine views of Ravensworth Castle, Lamesley
church, Whickham and Dunston hills, and the vale of
the Tyne. Saltwell House is an ancient mansion, surrounded with wood, and contains a Roman Catholic
chapel.
Saltwick
SALTWICK, a township, in the N. division of the
parish of Stannington, union, and W. division, of
Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 5 miles
(S. S. W.) from Morpeth. This place formed a manor
in the Merlay barony, and has been held by the families
of Camhow, Greystock, Ogle, and Brown. It stands on
the brow of a high green slope, and commands on every
side but the north a very extensive prospect. The
township comprises about 950 acres. The impropriate
tithes have been commuted for £116. 1. 8., and the
vicarial for £3. 3. 6.
Saltwood (St. Peter and St. Paul)
SALTWOOD (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in
the union of Elham, hundred of Hayne, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, ¾ of a mile (N. by W.) from
Hythe; containing 520 inhabitants. This place was
distinguished for its castle, which is said to have been
first built by the son of Hengist, the Saxon, in 448, and
in the reign of John to have become one of the palaces
of the archbishops of Canterbury. The remains of the
castle, which are sufficiently considerable to convey some
idea of its former magnificence, are situated on an
eminence commanding a fine view of the sea. The
parish consists of 2600 acres, of which 332 are in wood.
The living is a rectory, in the patronage of the Archbishop, valued in the king's books at £34; net income,
£784. The church is principally in the decorated
English style.
Salvington
SALVINGTON, a hamlet, in the parish of West
Tarring, hundred of Tarring, rape of Bramber, W.
division of Sussex; containing 114 inhabitants. The
celebrated John Selden was born here in 1584.
Salwarpe (St. Michael)
SALWARPE (St. Michael), a parish, in the union
of Droitwich, Upper division of the hundred of Halfshire, Droitwich and E. divisions of the county of
Worcester, 2½ miles (W. S. W.) from Droitwich; containing 482 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1979a.
35p., two-thirds of which are arable, and one-third
pasture; the soil is partly marl, and partly of a better
kind, the surface undulated, and pretty well wooded.
The Droitwich canal passes through. The living is a
rectory, valued in the king's books at £14. 14. 7.; net
income, £520; patron, the Rev. Henry Douglas: the
tithes were commuted for land in 1813; the glebe altogether comprises 306 acres. The church exhibits portions
in the Norman, and in the decorated and later English
styles. A parochial school was rebuilt a few years since;
the master receives £20 annually, the bequest of Talbot
Barker, Esq. An old mansion here, erected in the time
of Henry VIII., is supposed to occupy the site of a
religious house. Richard Beauchamp, the celebrated
Earl of Warwick, was born at Salwarpe in 1351.