Shobdon (St. John the Evangelist)
SHOBDON (St. John the Evangelist), a parish,
in-the union of Leominster, hundred of Stretford,
county of Hereford, 5½ miles (E. S. E.) from Presteign; containing 491 inhabitants. The parish is intersected by the road between Ludlow and Kington, and
comprises 3491 acres. The living is a rectory, valued
in the king's books at £5. 7. 11.; net income, £764;
patron, Lord Bateman. The church, which is the
burial-place of the Bateman family, was partially rebuilt
in 1757, by John, Viscount Bateman. The rent of
several acres of land, and the proceeds of some minor
benefactions, are distributed among the poor. Near the
church is a mount called Castle Hill, encompassed with
a moat, supposed to be the remains of a Roman or
Danish fortification.
Shobrooke
SHOBROOKE, a parish, in the union of Crediton,
hundred of West Budleigh, Crediton and N. divisions
of Devon, 2 miles (E. N. E.) from Crediton; containing
787 inhabitants. Some of the females are employed in
hand-loom weaving at their own homes. The living is
a rectory, annexed to the bishopric of Exeter, and valued
in the king's books at £36. The church is an ancient
structure, with a handsome tower. There is a place of
worship for Independents.
Shoby
SHOBY, an extra-parochial place, in the union of
Melton-Mowbray, hundred of East Goscote, N. division of the county of Leicester, 5 miles (W. by N.)
from Melton-Mowbray; containing 35 inhabitants.
Shocklach (St. Edith)
SHOCKLACH (St. Edith), a parish, in the union
of Wrexham, Higher division of the hundred of Broxton, S. division of the county of Chester; containing
427 inhabitants, of whom 178 are in the township of
Church-Shocklach, 4½ miles (N. W. by W.), and 180 in
that of Oviatt-Shocklach, 3½ (W. N. W.), from Malpas.
The parish comprises 2870 acres, the soil of which is
clay; and is bounded on the west by the river Dee. At
Castletown, the residence of Leigh Weaver, Esq., is the
moated site of Shocklach Castle. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of Sir R. Puleston, Bart.: the
great tithes have been commuted for £240, and those
of the incumbent for £100; the incumbent has a glebe
of an acre and three-quarters. The church is a small
building, with an enriched Norman door. Opposite to
the south door is the shaft of an ancient cross.
Shoddesden, Lower and Upper
SHODDESDEN, LOWER and UPPER, hamlets,
in the parish of Kimpton, union and hundred of Andover, Andover and N. divisions of Hampshire; containing 59 and 45 inhabitants, respectively.
Shoebury, North (St. Mary)
SHOEBURY, NORTH (St. Mary), a parish, in the
union and hundred of Rochford, S. division of Essex,
3¼ miles (E. N. E.) from Southend; containing 202 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south by the parish of
South Shoebury, and the two villages are nearly contiguous. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in
the king's books at £9, and in the patronage of the
Crown: the impropriate tithes, belonging to Mrs. James,
have been commuted for £347, and the vicarial for
£163; the glebe comprises 10 acres. The church, a
small ancient edifice with a tower and spire, contains
a handsome monument to John Ibbotson, who was
secretary to the admiralty.
Shoebury, South (St. Andrew)
SHOEBURY, SOUTH (St. Andrew), a parish, in
the union and hundred of Rochford, S. division of
Essex, 4 miles (E.) from Southend; containing 164
inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Thames,
nearly opposite to the Nore: at its southern extremity
is a small promontory called Shoebury Ness, on which
is a signal station. The living is a rectory, valued in the
king's books at £14. 13. 4., and in the gift of R. Bristow,
Esq.: the tithes have been commuted for £410, and the
glebe comprises 7 acres. The church has a tower of
flint surmounted by a spire.
Sholing
SHOLING, a tything, in the parish of Hound,
union of South Stoneham, hundred of Mainsbridge,
Southampton and S. divisions of the county of Southampton; containing 60 inhabitants.
Shopland (St. Mary Magdalene)
SHOPLAND (St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in
the union and hundred of Rochford, S. division of
Essex, 2 miles (S. E.) from Rochford; containing 43
inhabitants. It comprises 1039a. 3r. 9p., of which 760
acres are arable, and 127 pasture. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £9, and
in the gift of the family of Quarington: the impropriate tithes have been commuted for £240. 10., and
the vicarial for £85; the glebe comprises 13 acres.
The church is a small edifice, consisting of a nave and
chancel.
Shoreditch (St. Leonard)
SHOREDITCH (St. Leonard), a parish, in the
Tower division of the hundred of Ossulstone, county
of Middlesex; forming a north-eastern portion of the
metropolis, and, with Haggerston and Hoxton (which
see), containing 83,432 inhabitants. This place, in ancient records called Sordig, Soresdich, and Shordych,
appears to have been so designated from the great common sewer, or ditch, which passed through the district.
It seems to have given name to the family of Sir John
de Sordig, lord of the manor, and one of the ambassadors
of Edward III. to Philip of France. The Roman military way leading from London-wall to the ford at
Hackney intersected what is now the churchyard; and
some vestiges still remain of the old artillery-ground
(originally a Roman Campus Martis), which was celebrated for archery and other military exercises practised
there by the citizens of London, but which is now covered
with houses. The parish is very extensive, consisting of
numerous streets adjoining the city, and of several
ranges of building on the roads to Kingsland, Hackney, and Bethnal-Green; it is well paved, lighted with
gas, and amply supplied with water. There are some
remains of ancient houses. The branches of manufacture
carried on are principally such as are connected with the
silk factories of the neighbouring parish of Spitalfields;
there are several breweries, and some foundries for
church bells. The parish is under the new police act;
and one of the county debt-courts established in 1847,
is fixed at Shorcditch.
The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books
at £17; net income, £656; patron, the Archdeacon of
London. The church, rebuilt in 1740, is a handsome
edifice in the Grecian style, with a tower, from which
rises an open turret surrounded with Corinthian pillars,
supporting an elliptical dome surmounted by a small but
well-proportioned spire. The western entrance is through
a stately portico of four columns of the Doric order,
above which is an enriched entablature and cornice,
crowned by a pediment. The interior is well arranged;
the east window is embellished with stained glass, and
there are numerous ancient memorials, among which
may be noticed an altar-tomb with recumbent effigies of
Sir John Elrington and his lady, a monument of Sir
Thomas Leigh in a kneeling posture, and one to four
ladies of the Rutland family, whose figures are represented kneeling at an altar, two on each side, in a recess.
The church at Haggerston was erected in 1827. The
church in the Curtain-road, containing 1200 sittings,
was consecrated, and dedicated to St. James, on the 4th
of July, 1839: the living is a perpetual curacy in the
gift of the Bishop of London, with a net income of £400.
Churches, also, have been erected in that part of the
parish called Hoxton; and in Old-street road is another,
completed in 1848, and dedicated to St. Mark: the
living is in the gift of the Bishop, with a net income of
£150. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyan and other Methodists. A
charity school for boys was established in 1705, and a
school-house erected in 1722; a similar institution for
girls was founded in 1709, and a house built in 1723:
the former has an annual income of £100, and the latter
one of £160, arising from rents and persona! estates;
and they are further supported by subscription.
On the north side of Old-street road are the Weavers'
almshouses, containing rooms for twelve widows of freemen belonging to the Weavers' Company. Adjoining
these are Walters' almshouses for eight widows of freemen of the Drapers' Company, who place in them two
widows, the remaining six being appointed by the parish.
Next to these are eight rooms built by Mr. Porter, and
given to the parish for aged widows. On the south side
of Old-street road are houses founded by Judge Fuller,
in 1591, and endowed by him with £50 per annum for
twelve widows. In Kingsland-road are the Drapers'
almshouses, containing twelve rooms, of which six are
occupied by freemen of that company or freemen's
widows, and six by aged widows chosen by the parish.
Further on are the Ironmongers' almshouses, founded in
1703, by Sir Robert Geffery, for freemen of that company or freemen's widows: the buildings form three
sides of a quadrangle, the area of which is laid down in
turf, and comprise fourteen houses of four rooms each.
With a neat chapel in the centre of the principal range;
the chaplain resides in one of the houses, and another is
occupied by the matron. Beyond these, on the same
road, are the almshouses of the company of FrameworkKnitters, consisting of twelve tenements for freemen of
that company or freemen's widows. In Gloucesterstreet are houses founded by Mrs. Fuller, for sixteen aged
widows. There are also some houses established by
Egbert Guede, of Overyssel, for four men belonging to
the Dutch church in Austin-friars. The Refuge for the
Destitute, a spacious establishment in the parish, consists of two separate buildings; one for males, situated
in Hoxton Old Town, and the other for females, in the
Hackney-road.
Shoreham (St. Peter and St. Paul)
SHOREHAM (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish,
in the union of Seven-Oaks, hundred of Codsheath,
lathe of Sutton-at-Hone, W. division of Kent, 4½
miles (N.) from Seven-Oaks; containing 1021 inhabitants. The parish comprises 5506 acres, of which 1199
are in wood. The soil is chalk, interspersed with small
portions of clay; the surface on the east and west sides
is hilly, and between them is a pleasing valley, through
which flows the river Darent in its course to the Thames
at Dartford. A very elegant Palladian villa was commenced about the beginning of the last century, but
being left unfinished, became infected with the dry-rot,
which induced the present Lord Asbburton to take it
down and replace it by a mansion in the Elizabethan
style. The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the
king's books at £14. 6. 8.; patrons, the Dean and
Chapter of Westminster. The rectory of Shoreham,
with the curacy of Otford, is valued in the king's books
at £34. 9. 9½., and is an appropriation belonging to the
Dean and Chapter, who allow a certain stipend to the
curate of Otford. The great tithes of the parish have
been commuted for £800, and the small for £450; the
Dean and Chapter's glebe consists of 60 acres, and the
vicar's of ten acres. The church is an ancient structure,
containing several elegant monuments. Castle farmhouse was built with the remains, and upon the site, of
Shoreham Castle.
Corporation Seal of New Shoreham.
Obverse.
Reverse.
Shoreham, New (St. Mary)
SHOREHAM, NEW (St. Mary), a borough, markettown, sea-port, and parish, in the union of Steyning,
hundred of Fishergate, rape of Bramber, W. division
of Sussex, 23 miles (E.) from Chichester, and 56 (S.
by W.) from London; the parish containing 1998 inhabitants. This place is indebted for its origin to the
decay of Old Shoreham, formerly a town of importance;
and is remarkable for having been built on the spot where
Ælla the Saxon landed with supplies from Germany, in
aid of his countrymen Hengist and Horsa. It is situated
on the road between Brighton and Worthing, and about
one mile from the English Channel, on the river Adur.
Across this river is a suspension-bridge, at the western
entrance into the town, built at the expense of the Duke
of Norfolk, and by which the distance between Shoreham
and Worthing has been reduced two miles. About six
acres of land have been laid out by Mr. Balley as a
public promenade, which is much frequented by visiters
from Brighton and Worthing; a Swiss cottage has been
erected, containing an assembly and concert room and
a theatre, and in the grounds is a sheet of water, on
which is a small steamer. Shoreham is noted for its
ship-building, in which above 100 men are generally
employed; and several vessels of more than 500 tons,
remarkable for swiftness of sailing, have been launched
here. The trade of the port has of late rapidly increased,
and its revenue, within the last 20 years, has been quintupled. The harbour, which is very commodious, in
spring tides has about nineteen feet of water, and in
common ones about fourteen, with not more than three
feet at ebb; it was constructed in 1816, by subscription on shares, and has proved a profitable undertaking.
The river runs by the side of the town, parallel to the
sea, with which it communicates on the east, thus forming
the harbour. The imports consist principally of timber,
deals, merchandise from France, wine, spirits, coal, cheese
and butter from Holland, &c.: much oak-timber is exported. Shoreham has been approved as a warehousing
port for West India, Mediterranean, and other produce,
for the reception of which large warehouses have been
built. The custom-house, erected in 1830, under the direction of Mr. Sydney Smirke, is an elegant building in the
Grecian style, situated in the centre of the town. A
branch of the London and Brighton railway to this place
was completed at an expense of £150,000, and opened to
the public in May, 1840. An extension to Worthing,
Arundel, and Chichester was opened in June 1846; it
passes over the streets of the town by four bridges, and
over the river Adur by a viaduct 550 yards long. Cement
manufactories have been established. A market for
corn is held every fortnight, and a fair on July 25th.
Shoreham is a borough by prescription, and is governed by a high constable appointed by the lord of the
manor. It has sent two members to parliament since
the first of Edward I.; the right of election is in the
inhabitants paying scot and lot, and the freeholders of
the rape of Bramber, and the high constable is returning
officer. At the election in 1791, a majority of the voters
having formed themselves into a society called the Christian Club, the real object of which was to sell their votes
to the best bidder, an act of parliament was passed disfranchising every member of the association, and extending the votes to the whole rape of Bramber. The
living is a discharged vicarage, annexed to that of Old
Shoreham, and valued in the king's books at £6. 1. 8.
The church is an extremely interesting specimen of
Norman architecture, with a tower rising from the intersection of the transepts and nave, and contains numerous ancient monuments, among which are some to the
Hooper family; it was new pewed in 1829, when 589
additional sittings were obtained, of which 465 are free.
The Independents and Wesleyans have each a place of
worship. There were anciently a priory for Carmelites,
or White friars, founded by Sir John Mowbray, Knt.;
and an hospital dedicated to St. James.
Shoreham, Old (St. Nicholas)
SHOREHAM, OLD (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the
union of Steyning, hundred of Fishergate, rape of
Bramber, W. division of Sussex, ½ a mile (N. W. by N.)
from New Shoreham; containing 224 inhabitants. The
parish is bounded on the west by the river Adur, over
which is an old bridge of wood. The living is a discharged vicarage, with that of New Shoreham annexed,
valued in the king's books at £7. 18. 6.; net income,
£185; patrons and impropriators, the President and
Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford. The church is a
very ancient cruciform structure, chiefly in the Norman
style, with a central tower supported on massive Norman
arches; the whole has been lately restored. Here was
an hospital dedicated to St. James, which was valued, in
the reign of Elizabeth, at £1. 6. 8. per annum.
Shoreswood
SHORESWOOD, a township, in the parish of Norham, union of Berwick-upon-Tweed, N. division of
Northumberland, 6½ miles (S. W. by S.) from Berwick; containing 315 inhabitants, chiefly employed in
the adjacent coal-mines. The township has a straggling
village situated on the road between West Allerton and
Norham; and belongs to the Dean and Chapter of Durham, whose tithes here have been commuted for a rentcharge of £162.
Shorncott (All Saints)
SHORNCOTT (All Saints), a parish, in the union
of Cirencester, hundred of Higbworth, Cricklade,
and Staple, Cricklade and N. divisions of Wilts,
4 miles (S.) from Cirencester; containing 33 inhabitants. It comprises 485 acres, of which 52 are common
or waste land. The living is a discharged rectory, valued
in the king's books at £4. 7. 6., and in the patronage of
the Crown: the tithes have been commuted for £92,
and the glebe comprises 38 acres.
Shorne (St. Peter and St. Paul)
SHORNE (St. Peter and St. Paul), a parish, in
the union of North Aylesford, hundred of Shamwell,
lathe of Aylesford, W. division of Kent, 3¾ miles
(S. E.) from Gravesend; containing 878 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 3051 acres, of which 744 are woodland, and 31 common or waste. The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books at £13. 1. 8.; net income,
£358; patrons and appropriators, the Dean and Chapter of Rochester. The church contains a fine monument
to the memory of Sir Henry de Cobham. A national
school is supported principally by the dividends on £1000
three per cent, consols., the bequest of the Rev. R. G.
Ayerst in 1812.—See Merston.
Shortflatt
SHORTFLATT, a township, in the parish of Bolam,
union of Castle ward, N. E. division of Tindale ward,
S. division of Northumberland, 10¾ miles (W. S. W.)
from Morpeth; containing 33 inhabitants. The township comprises about 512 acres. The mansion-house
of Shortflatt, the seat of Mr. Dent, is situated on flat
ground, on the south side of a reedy brook called Howburn. It is in the style of Queen Elizabeth's time, is
covered with grey freestone slate, and built against an
old tower of strong masonry, which is mentioned in a
list of border fortresses in the beginning of the 15th
century, and was then the residence of the Rayme family.
The impropriate tithes have been commuted for £11. 5.,
and the vicarial for £10. 19. 6.
Shorthampton
SHORTHAMPTON, a chapelry, in the parish of
Charlbury, union of Chipping-Norton, hundred of
Chadlington, county of Oxford, 5 miles (S. by E.)
from Chipping-Norton; containing 287 inhabitants. The
chapel is dedicated to All Saints.
Shorwell (St. Peter)
SHORWELL (St. Peter), a parish, in the liberty
of West Medina, Isle of Wight division of the county
of Southampton, 5 miles (S. W. by S.) from Newport;
containing 714 inhabitants. This place was anciently
an appendage of the priory of Carisbrooke, from which
it was separated in the reign of Edward III., and made
a distinct parish. The land, though partly consisting of
down, is rich; and the scenery truly picturesque. The
village is pleasant: near it is the handsome mansion of
Northcourt, erected in the reign of James I., and beautifully situated in a well-wooded demesne, in which is a
spring of pure water, whence the parish takes its name.
The living comprises a sinecure rectory, valued in the
king's books at £20. 0. 2½., and in the patronage of Lady
Mildmay; and a discharged vicarage, united to the rectory of Mottiston, and valued at £17. 16. 0½. The tithes
of Shorwell have been commuted for £192 payable to the
vicar, £468 payable to the sinecure rector, and £288 to
certain impropriators; the vicar has a glebe of two acres,
and the rector one of three acres. The church, erected
in 1526, is a neat structure, and contains some monuments to the Leigh family and others.