May (3 of 6)
Mr. Longland to Mr. Samuel Morland, the English resident at Geneva.
Vol.xxxviii.p.413.
Honor'd sir,
I hav not yet had any answer of my last letters writ you about 20 dayes since. Here is
arryved som ships from Cales and Lisbon, which bring no newes of our fleet, althoh so
long since departed Ingland; which make thes Itallians desiant much, whither they should
bi gon. Som letters from Rom say, they hav bin sien on the backsyd of Ireland bound
norward about Scotland for the Baltik sea, to help the king of Sweden against Danzick:
others say, they ar gon for the West Indyes. It cannot now bi long er this dout bi clear'd.
The noiz of the king of Polland's victoryes over the Swed ar stil here in every man's
mouth, without any great foundation that I can se. Wi hope a few dayes more wil resolv this dout. However the king of Sweden has not shewed himself a good captain to
giv the king of Polland so much opportunity, as to raiz another army, and disput the bisnes anew. The Spanyards labour hard at Rom to unyt the pope and the princes of Itally
in a legue with the Austrian family. The queen of Sweden has discarded al her Spanish
retinue; and now taks Itallians into her court at Rom. Wi heare not of any preparations
for Itally, that the French mak by sea. If they send a good army by land, they may find a
freer acces then last year; for the Spanyard has no fleet in thes parts to bring soldiers for
theyr succour; and (which is wors for him) the sicknes is discovered to bi in Naples, so
that if hi should endevour to bring soldiers thence to succour Millan, they would not be
received, nether would any prince giv them pas throh theyr country. Thes considerations
mak much for the French, if they mak use of it, but I hear they ar in som divisions at
hom about the raising the vallue of money, which I dout is scarce amongst them by theyr
bad government. I cannot understand, whether the king of Portugal has underwrit the
articles to the protector. Here is som talk, that the pope labours much to hinder it, and
mak a legue 'twixt Spayn and Portugal; and then his ambassador shal bi received at Rom.
The quondum king of Scots it siems is received into the Spanish servis in Flanders, whos
vicinity to Ingland wil affourd som trouble. This is what occurs. I am
Honour'd sir,
Your faithful servant
Charles Longland.
Lego. 26 May, 1656. [N. S.]
Al illustrissimo sign. mio Padrone e ottimo, il sign. Samuele Morland, residente per il serenissimo
Protettore d'Inghiltorra, Geneva.
Mr. Longland, agent at Leghorne, to secretary Thurloe.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 411.
Right Honorable,
This week it has bin here made known from Civita Vechia, the pope's towne, that
the sicknes is discover'd to be in Naples; whereupon this town has banisht al trade
and comerce with that citty, althoh to our great prejudys; for since the war has brok out
betwixt Ingland and Spayn, most of our nation, that resyded in Naples, ar retyred hether,
and from hence only that citty can be best served with Inglish manufactoryes. But the
sicknes now appearing wil break off al intercourse of trade. In such cases theyr severity
and dilligence is here very great; they wil not upon any tearms admit of a boat or vessel,
nor no manner of goods from Naples. If you ask me, how they precysely know it coms
thence, it is and has bin a custom of long continuance throhout al Itally, not to receiv or
admit any ship or vessel into theyr ports without a pattent of health from the citty or port
from whence they com. This is accounted as a thing sacred amongst them, not to falsify
theyr pattents; and is such a deceit should be discovered, 'tis punisht with the greatest
severity imaginable. And althoh health bi the thing pretended to only, yet thes pollitians
synd a farther advantage by it. If the French should now mak as great preparation, and
invade Millan, as they did the last fommer, they would fynd better succes in al probabillity;
for besyds that the Spanyard is now destitute of a fleet in thes seas to succour that state with
soldiers, he could not now extract the soldiers from Naples by reson of the sicknes, for
they cannot go to Millan without passing throh the Genowes country, which the Genowes
wil not now permit on any termes, whylst Naples remayne under the lest suspition of the
sicknes. But I do not hear the French mak any great preparation for war. What herafter
they may do, I know not. A small Inglish ship that brouht fish hether this winter was
sent by the Inglish factor, to whom shi was recommended to lade oiles in Puglia, which
being in the kingdom of Naples, under the Spanish dominions hi puts in most part Ital
lian marriners with an Itallian master, and wears this prince's flag, as if shi wer a ship of
this place, althoh shi had her Inglish master aboard lykwyss, and som of her Inglish marriners. In her return back hether with her oiles shi was met with by Argier men of war,
by them taken, and carryed away, I suppos, as an Itallian ship. It may be you wil bi sollicited about this bisness at hom from alderman Fredrik, to whom this ship belong'd.
Wherfor I thoht good to giv you this short account of it. I hav not sien the articles of
peace concluded with that piple by general Blake; so know not how it stands in this case;
but had the ship had Inglish coullors, I am consident the Turks would not hav medled
with her, and it may be they wil be so courtious, as to restore her. I hav writ to Mr. Brown
to do what hi can therin for the interessed. The duk of Madena is going into the
field with his army. Here is no newes yet of general Blak's fleet. 'Twas this week writ
hether from Rome, that they wer gon about Ireland for the Sownd, to help the king of
Sweden against Danzick. Others report they ar gon for the West Indyes. I am,
Right honorable,
Your faithful servant
Charles Longland.
Lego. 26 May, 1656. [N. S.]
King of Portugal to the protector.
In the possession of the right honourable Philip lord Hardwicke, lord high chancellor of Great Britain.
Serenissime protetor reipub. Angliæ, Scotiæ et Hiberniæ, &c. Nos dominus Joannes, dei gratia rex Portugalliæ, et Algarbiorum citra et ultra mare in Africa,
dominus Guineæ et acquisitionis, navigationis, et commercii Æthiopiæ, Arabiæ, Persiæ ac
Indiæ &c. Serenissimæ celsitudini vestræ salutem et perpetuam selicitatem apprecamur.
Die Maii elabentis undecima infeliciter accidit, ut Philippo Meadowe, celsitudinis vestræ
apud nos ablegato, noctu domum redeunti ab hominibus sceleratis, seu Anglicæ illis reipub.
potius, seu regni nostri, certe utriusque communibus et iniquissimis hostibus, serreâ glande
læva manus transverberata est. Qui nos casus, uti par erat, una et dolor acerbissime perculit, qui Philippum ipsum gratum habeamus, tum ob proprias dignas laude dotes, tum
vero præcipue, quod a celsitudine vestra ad nos pro publicâ pacis causâ ablegatus sit. Igitur quod mandari a nobis decuit, præsto assuere e nostris peritissimis, qui sedulo vulneri
mederentur, et undequaque prospicerent sanitati, quam gratulamur citra periculum esse.
Præterea vero quibus maxime viis usquam alias, de patrati sceleris authoribus conquiritur,
si constare de iis possit, ut ex merito plectantur. Celsitudinem vestram Deus optimus salvam et incolumem velit. Dabantur Alcantaræ 26 Maii 1656. [N. S.]
Vester bonus amicus
Joannes rex.
Serenissimo protectori reipublicæ Angliæ, Scotiæ, ac Hiberniæ, &c.
A letter of intelligence from the Hague.
The 20th of May 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 437.
This morning the president proposed, that the lord ambassador of Spain had signified
the arrival of don John of Austria, governor of the Low Countries, &c. Whereupon they have resolved to return him thanks by the lord Huygens; and if he had done it
in a letter, they would have writ back a letter to the said prince don John.
Those of Holland do still debate about the resolution to be made to the elector of Brandenburgh, whereof hitherto they have not reported any thing to the States General.
To the lord Bonyn hath been delivered his dispatch, which is only a single re-credential, whereof the substance is, that the lord Bonyn hath endeavoured to make his negotiation to the consent of his electoral highness. In short, as yet this state is no wise satisfied
with him.
21 May.
There are come no letters to the ambassadors to the king of Sweden, who are gone from
Dantzick towards Elbing; and it is written, that the king is gone from Elbing towards
Marienburg. The rest of the news is as usually very much different; it being very certain, that the Swedish army is very diminished and harassed; and yet it is said, that they
endeavour to find out the armies of Lubomirsky and Charnetsky. Here enclosed I send
you the re-credentials of the lord Bonyn; which is all his dispatch, without having any
other answer. He thought to have gone away to day, but he will stay one post longer.
I know from a very good hand, that Holland hath a good inclination for the alliance with
the elector of Cologne and his associates.
22 May.
This morning the lord Bevering made report of the conference held on the 19th currant with the commissioner of Dantzick, containing, that he doth desist from demanding
succours, and the sending of troops, which was also the first point of his proposition.
And that he doth still persist to demand a subsidy, whereof he made two heads; the one
is, that he demands a loan at reasonable interest of half a million, or five hundred thousand
guilders. The second is, that he demands a subsidy of six thousand rix-dollars per month
to be given them gratis. All this is taken ad referendum to the provinces. And in regard
the states of Holland are summoned but upon three points, the one about the employment
of the fleet; the second for some new order to be given to the ambassadors, whether
they shall also salute the elector, &c. and the third point concerning the alliance with the
electors and princes of the Rhyne and Westphalia; it is feared, that the most part of the
states of Holland will say, that they are not instructed upon that.
23 May.
I forgot formerly a resolution, or in effect an instruction drawn up concerning the encounter of the squadron of vice-admiral de Ruyter in the chanel, which was sent to the
lord Nieuport. This morning was again proposed the business of the water-licence, with
great likelihood, that the same would have been concluded, but was suspended. Likewise, as well those of Borisleduc, as the receiver general Swerins, have signified their arrival, whereupon it is resolved, that they appear this afternoon before commissioners.
24 May.
At last the lord Bonyn doth prepare to be gone to morrow. Holland doth still persist
not to consent, that the ambassadors should make any compliment to the elector of Brandenborgh. And as for Dantzick they are of opinion, not to make any treaty with the said
city imagining themselves, that Dantzick will do as the elector, and having treated with
this state, will make their conditions the better with Sweden, and will laugh (as the elector)
at this state. And as to the subsidy, which Dantzick doth demand, Holland is of opinion
to answer in general terms, that in times of necessity they will give them some, presupposing that for the present there is no necessity; and that the king of Sweden cannot prejudice them.
They have had here a list of the ships, that are ready, to make the number of 48 ships.
The most part of them are ready and in a very good order. And the opinion of Holland
is, that they ought all to go to sea, at least as far as the Sound, to act further in those parts,
as Denmark shall see cause, or according as it shall be resolved.
This day (by reason of the great number of new letters that came) nothing was concluded; but this afternoon was an assembly to conclude something.
This 26 May.
The lord Bonyn went away yesterday. He passed through Viane to salute in his passage
the dowager of Brederode, and then returneth to Amsterdam, and from thence goeth directly for Hamburgh.
Yesterday the states of Holland held a very serious conference upon the articles, which
the ambassador of Nieuport hath sent over for the composing of a maritime treaty.
This day the ordinary commissioners of Holland brought into the States General their
provincial advice upon the points, upon the which they were summoned; especially concerning the alliance with the elector of Cologne. Wherefore they will endeavour to induce
the generality to declare, that this state is well inclined and resolved to treat for such an
alliance; but there are other provinces that do declare themselves not to be instructed about
that point.
As to the business of Poland or Dantzick, they have advised to give a declaration in general terms, that they will assist the city of Dantzick; but in what manner, and how far,
they will advise upon hereafter.
As to the fleet, all is to go forth for the Sound, there to receive Orders from the ambassadors, and the ambassadors are to advise about it with the king of Denmark.
As to the articles of the maritime treaty, they will write to the lord ambassador Nieuport to do his endeavour for the obtaining of such articles, according to the instruction,
which the said lord ambassador had formerly about them.
A letter of intelligence from the Hague.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 419.
[Paragraph contains cyphered content — see page image]
Sir,
In answer to yours of the 12/9 May, I will say, that just at that time the states of Holland were
about to adjoun, when the lord ambassadors of the States General sent the articles of the maritime treaty which
the said states of Holland undertook to examine, finding very much in them to contradict, that protector will
not admit of the rule of free-ship, free-goods. Item, upon the exhiting of certificates, to let
them pass; upon which I will not say any thing, having so often laught at the wisdom and
prudence of the States General being not willing, that the same should be done to themselves or theirs,
which they have done to all the world.
As also the Swedes say, that it is strange, that the States General will send a fleet into the Baltick
sea, to hinder the king of Sweden from taking imposts of all that is imported and exported out of the
territories aud harbours, which the Swede possess; as much as if the Swede would hinder the States General from
taking imposts of all that is imported into Amsterdam or the like place of the states of Holland As likewise
these good States General would dispute with protector his acts, called encrease of shipping. Item, the
prohibiting the navigation to the islands and territories, which England hath in the West Indies.
I am very much of opinion, in case that England should agree that which the States General pretend, that
afterwards they would laugh at the protector, as at the same time they caused complaint to be made
to the protector of the rencounter, which Ruyter had in the channel; and here they laugh at it,
saying that England ought to have had more strength to have made such a speech to Ruyter;
who also doth believe to have saved his conscience, in saying, that of his knowledge there
was no silver in his fleet, which did belong to Spain, when States General do that. This is one of the
seven liberal arts, in quibus sunt magistri. But when others do it it is a crime, et morte
piandum. Of that lord, whom Ch. Stuart hath sent hither, I have not seen any thing nor taken
notice. I do also believe, that Ch. Stuart is not had in any consideration with Spain himself, but
is there uti signum pictum in pariete; and that which Spain will not persuade, the Sc. king will
yet persuade less.
The states of Holland will not so easily imbarque themselves in an union but to draw any profit and gain out
of commerce without much wetting their paws. Therein they will not fail, as formerly they
quitted the Bremen in need. The same I fear of Dantzick, giving nothing but words; and for
Dantzick to undergo all the charges, is impossible, being without commerce.
He, who from Dantzick is here, doth threaten to go to England, in case that they will not give
here money not that he doth hope more of England; but to give jealousy to the states of Holland the states of Hol.
presently fear, that Dantzick will use those of England better than those of the states of Holland.
I fear very much, that as well the states of Holland as Dantzick do reckon without their host, believing that the Swede
is low; and that his army is very much defeated: that is purely ridiculous. It is true, that
by the second and third marches in the middle of winter his army did suffer very much, and
the separation of the quarters or militia of Poland (who formerly were with the Swede) hath very
much prejudiced him. But he never made any great accompt of those Quartiens, and it
must needs be, that as well Lubormisky as Charnitsky have no great forces, since they do
retreat; whereas they ought to advance into Prussia, which would very much incommo
date the Swede. It would oblige Brandenburg to quit Sweden and encourage not only Dantzick, but the Dane and
the States General.
The truth or falseness of all this will be soon seen. And also I do fear, as formerly,
that all these ships of the States General are only a rumour, and a pure threatning without any blows.
As also the business in Prussia royal is not to be redressed by these men of war, but by an army or by money.
And I see no likelihood for the first; and for the second, very little; saying that Brandenburg hath
deceived them, having made use of the money of the States General to obtain so much the better conditions of
the Swede, and that Dantzick would do as much: as yet at least they are upon these terms. I am,
26 May 1656. [N. S.]
Your most humble servant.
An intercepted letter of Mr. Windebanck to one Jones.
Calais, 26 May 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 415.
Sir,
I Received yours of the 24th May, and in it one enclosed from my cousin Westwood;
wherein she writes, that her son did appoint to be in London on Tuesday last, and that
he would stretch his credit to furnish me with one hundred pounds worth of commodities
for my new trade, which can no way effect my design to go to my factor, and set up in
that country, where I have no credit. Besides I must deal clearly with you, but keep it to
your self: I am of opinion, that Mr. Tho. is so wise and wary a gentleman, that he will
not stretch his credit at all, if you do not press him earnestly to it. I confess, I am so discontented and vexed, that I cannot discharge my business here, and go away to my factor;
that I am at no rest night nor day; for you know with how much patience I have desired
to be gone from this place, and to be with my factor, to see and know how he manageth
his trade. Wherefore pray pursue those instructions sent you, and I beseech God to
give success.
Courtin to Bordeaux, the French ambassador in England.
Hague, 26 May 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 431.
My lord,
Here is no more doubt made of the life of the king of Sweden, in regard several
letters are come from many credible persons, who both saw and spoke with him. He
is at present at Marienburg with the queen, where news hath been brought him of a fight,
which the general prince Adolph his brother, assisted by general Wrangel, hath fought
against Charnetsky, Lubomirsky, and Koningspolsky, who commanded each of them 10000
Polanders. The victory was still uncertain, and yet it is writ, that the Swedes had the
better of it, and that Koningspolsky being taken in the rout, was cut to pieces at the head
of the army, by order of some Swedish generals, who past this sentence upon him, for having violated his oath of fidelity, which he had given to the king of Sweden. If this news
proves true, the king of Sweden will become invincible, his conquests assured, and the
king of Poland utterly ruined. The Swedes are still of opinion, that the Cossacks will be
for them against the Pole, and that they need not to fear any thing from the Muscovite.
The fleet of this state is ready to set sail for the Sound. Tromp expects only a wind to
set sail with 15 ships. De Ruyter is to follow with 8 more, and Peter Florissen is to command 7 or 8. Their departure is resolved upon.
To Petkum.
Hague, 26 May 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 427.
We have here other news concerning the treaty between Portugal and England, than
what you write; for it is held for ratified, yea with the article, which doth concern
the inquisition. It is now very certain, that the king of Sweden is not dead, but alive and
in health at Marienburg, where he arrived on the 11th current. The Holland ambassadors being upon their way for Elbing, and hearing of the king of Sweden's coming for
Marienburg with the queen, they intend to divert their journey thither, and being come
near the place, they have sent to the lord chancellor Oxensterne, to know what orders there
will be taken for their reception and audience.
The fleet is for certain to be sent away very suddenly for the Sound; there are some
30 ships ready.
The Spanish ambassador hath signified to the state the arrival of don John, and his sincere intentions for the entertaining of a good amity with this state.
The bishop of Munster hath been here incognito with three or four gentlemen. It is said,
that the duke of Lunenburg will make the like vagary. I do not hear, that any thing
is concluded concerning the defensive league projected by the ecclesiastical electors, united
with the duke of Newburg and the bishop of Munster.
Lockhart, the English resident in France, to secretary Thurloe.
In the possession of the right honourable Philip lord Hardwicke, lord high chancellor of Great Britain.
Right Honorable,
Their hath not a day escaiped me this week, wherin I either have not sent to (or
receved a message from) the cardinall; but notwithstanding all my importunities, I
am still putt off with delayes. . . . . . This day he sent a gentleman to me, who gave me
manie good words, by whom the cardinal did exceedinglie seeme to regraite his unhapp . . .
ing necessitated to goe from Paris without seing me; earnest . . . . would meet him at Compiegn wher he would make his . . . . and entertain me at great lenth, so as he showld
wearie me . . . . companie.
Sir, tho' I may be a little discouraged, yett if it . . . . resolve to sett forth to morrow
towards Compiegne . . . . first from thence give you ane account of the cardinall's . . . .
I have this comfort (if it be one) that all the rest of . . . . sters heere complain of the
same usage. I have mett . . . . hear of none that are invited to goe one to Compiegn
. . . . self, where I intend to stay, till I receave the honor of yowr commands concerning
my further deportment.
I am much ashamed, that I showld mentione anie thing of monie, at a tyme when I
give yow so poore an account of businesse; but reallie my private creditt will not goe much
further then it hath done alreadie: my equipage stood me all the monie that was allowed
for it, and the four months advance. What I have spent since, I have been forced to
borrow at London and heare; and if it be his highnesse pleasure, I follow the king this
campagne, it will be a verie expensive jorney. Sir, I throw my selfe upon yow, and shall
be satisfied with whatsoever yow shall think fitt to represent concerning me in this particular, and shall humblie beg you may beleeve, that their is not a person living, who esteems
himself more oblyged to be,
Paris, May 26th, 1656. new style,
Right honorable,
Your most faithfull and affectionate servant
Will. Lockhart.
For the right honourable Mr.
secretary Thurloe, these att
Whitehall.
A letter of intelligence.
A Paris le 26 May 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 435.
Les avis de Londres du 18 May portent, que le protecteur prend grande jalousie contre
les Hollandois, depuis qu'ils ont escorté l'argent, que les Espagnols ont fait passer en
Flandres. Le sieur Cojet envoyé de Swede a pris congé du protecteur, qui l'a fait chevallier, et luy a donné une Medaille d'or, où est le portrait de son altesse dans une boete enrichie de diamans. On dit à Londres, que si les Hollandois ne peuvent obtenir satisfaction
de Swedois touchant le peage dans la mer Balthique, ils se hazarderont à faire quelque enterprize contre sa majestie Swedoise, qui n'apprehende point les menaces des provinces
unies, disant, qu'elle pourra faire la paix, quand bon luy semblera avec la Pologne; et le
protecteur est en impatience de voir esclatter le dessein des Hollandois. Les Anglois commencent à s'establir dans la Jamaique, depuis que la maladie d'epidenne, qui regnoit en ce
païs la, a cesse. On n'entend rien encor des troupes Espagnoles dans la Flandres, si non que le
marquis de Caracenne a la place du comte de Fuensaldagne a donné ordre aux officiers des,
trouppes d'aller incessamment à leurs rendevous.
Ceux de l'armée Francoise seront à Chaulni; le marquis de Castelnau commandera sous
monsieur de Turenne, et le marquis d'Uxelles sous le mareschal de la Ferté, le marquis de
St. André sous monsieur de Mercœur en Piedmont, et le comte de Broglio sous le duc de
Modene en Lombardie. Le marquis de Vallevoire commandera la cavallerie, et les sieurs
des Hayers et St. Hilaire vont conduire l'artillerie en Flandres, St. Martin dans l'armée de
la Ferté, Doradour en Italie, et le marquis de Birague en Cathalogne, où le prince de Conti
sera generalissimo, et le duc de Candale general. Monsieur de l'Estrade fait seul le lieutenant general, et part pour s'en aller pour Bourdeaux.
Mescredy matin monsieur le cardinal estant allé à l'assemblée du clergé, il y fit sa proposition, sçavoir que son eminence estoit venue la pour prendre congé de la compagnie, et
pour l'asseurer de son affection. Que le roy desire prendre leurs avis sur la response, que
sa majesté avoit à faire au pape, sur les instances, que sa saincteté luy faisoit faire d'obliger
l'archeveque de Sens, evesque de Beauvais, et de Comminge de se conformer à la constitution
du pape Innocent Xme, qui condamne les cinq propositions de Jansenius. Que les rentes fussent payées à l'hostel de ville sans discontinuation pour le sieur de Menevillette, en attendant
que le contract seroit renouvellé avec sa majesté. Que la compagnie eut à travailler promtement à l'expedition des affaires, et à terminer l'assemblée, affin que le roy peut avoir le
secours, qu'il esperoit du clergé pour s'en servir dans la presente necessité de ses affaires.
Qu'en fin sa majesté avoit chargé son eminence de proposer à l'assemblée, s'il ne seroit plus
à propos, qu'elle suivoit la cour, ou du moins qu'elle s'approchast jusques à Soissons, affin
qu'elle peut plus commodement scavoir les volontes du roy, asseurant en outre la compagnie,
que son Eminence employeroit aupres de sa Majesté pour la faire maintenir.
On travaille fort à l'accommodement de l'affaire du curé de St. Germain de l'Auxerrois.
Il y en a qui disent, que sa cause est bonne, et que les rois sont sujets aux curés des paroisses,
ou ils se trouvent, si ce n'est quand ils sont dans un pays ennemy à la teste de leur armée, et
en ce cas le grand aumonier peut faire la function d'un curé dans le lieu, où sa majesté se trouvera. Hier le procureur general Foucquet traitta le roy et toute la cour dans sa maison de
St. Made. Le festin etoit de 2000 escus. Monsieur de Lyonne arriva avant hier au soir, et
à vu le roy.
Monsieur Talon arriva aussy hier au soir de son exil, et est entré aujourdhuy au parlement.
La cour part demain pour aller disner à Senlis; et dela à Compiegne; on dit, que le roy
s'advancera jusques à Calais.
Major general Lilburne to the protector.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 409.
May it please your highnes,
I should have obeyed your highnesses comand in giveing my attendance, but that
an appointment for the commissioners to meet on Thursday last prevented mee; and
indeed expecting a good appeareance of them, and hopeing to make a good progresse in
severall businesses, that lay before us to be determined, wherein there would have been little
or no proceedure without mee; I could not (without a very great disappointment to the
commissioners, and those affaires we have now dispatch't) be absent; and I hope a good improvement has been made of these two dayes; for besides the determining of severall other
businesses, we have proceeded against fourteen of the late plotters, and sentenc't them, according to the first article of our instructions.
This, I presume, would not have had a dispatch without my attendance; wherby your
highnes will perceive I have not willfully absented my selfe, and will, I trust, prevaile with
your highnes to pardon me, that I came not precisely at the day your highnes appointed;
but, God willing, on Thursday or Friday next I intend to waite upon your highnes, and to
bring Mr. Place along with
Your highnesse's most humble servant
Robert Lilburne.
York, May 16, 1656.
Intelligence.
Stettin, May 27, 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 453.
The affairs in Poland do not yet go better for the Swedes than formerly. They
write from Thorn, that his majesty of Poland, leaving Cracow behind, was arrived
already near or about Warsaw, and that count Wittenberg with his troops had retired into
the said city. However, a certain Swedish officer told me this morning that he had heard from
a good hand, that his majesty of Sweden having resolved to draw together about Posna as
much as possible of his army, had sent orders to the said count, to come thither with some
regiments: The said officer assured me likewise, that most of the bagage, when the king
coming from Jarislaw marched from thence to Prussia, was left at Warsaw to make their
way with the more speed; and hitherto, because the Poles are every where in arms, they
had not yet been able to fetch the same from thence. It might easily happen, that for
that reason their said city will be attacked sooner than any other, in case, as it seems now
pretty likely, the king of Poland intends to undertake something of consequence, which
will soon be seen. The troops of prince Adolph make their incursions as yet along the
Warta, chosing several quarters, where they find the best provisions and provender, however without going far from Posna: they are at present believed to be at Prysdy, about
seven miles from Posna.
Charnitsky having sent part of his camp somewhere else, lies still with 8 or 9000
men betwixt Jesouw and Kalisch. Some are of opinion, that when prince Adolph has received some more troops under him, he will endeavour to attack Charnitsky anew; but others
believe and maintain, that henceforth they will rather endeavour to disturb the city of Dantzick as much as possible, than to hunt continually after the Poles, who (if they come once
to a right knowledge of themselves) will not so easily be routed or dispersed.
The waywode Grudsinsky continues still with 3000 horse about Costiaen, and has killed
and put to the sword a pretty many of those, that not long ago intended to march thither
from Posna.
The waywode Weyer is retired from Kopa (where he appeared of late with a troop of
horse, and sent out his parties as far as Stargard) to Klockaw with 2 or 3000 horse. They
say that he has 600 men out of Dantzick, among his troops.
They write from Dantzick of the 24th instant, that the Swedes now begun to approach
nearer to them than formerly, and had drove away some cattle about Praust in the little
Werder, as also that they had passed the Motlau, and were marching against some troops
of the garrison which lay there: how this would succeed, they did not know.
The waywode Weyer has been with about 1200 men before Conits, and burnt the suburbs; some conspirators had attempted the same within the said town, but were discovered, and the jesuits secured on that account.
The elector of Brandenburg has order'd all the governors of the frontier towns of Pomerania and the marck Brandenburg, to let no body pass from the Swedish camp, without having a due licence or pasport. Here at this place they have likewise, during some
days, made a very strict enquiry thereof, since many that came from thence, both officers
and common soldiers, under pretence of securing here or hereabouts their booty, have left
the camp without any intention of returning there again. It seems that the making of any
considerable booty in Poland and Prussia is past, and that many of them are tired to live
there longer.
The regiment of the duke of Mecklenburgh consisting of eight companies, in all 500
horse, marched through here last Wednesday. The troopers shewed themselved dissatisfyed, that they should march before they had received any money, saying, that they had
entered themselves upon that condition, and were come hither upon promise that they should
not pass Stettin before they had received some money, however they got them out by force
and fair words. They intended to rest a few days about Stargard in the territory of the
elector of Brandenburg, but they were told by the officers there, that they should decamp
and march either one way or other, since his electoral highness had expresly commandes,
to suffer no Swedish troops to lodge themselves any further in his territories. Wherefore
they intend to join prince Adolph together with count Koninksmarks regiment, and 300
new raised dragoons, but it is questioned if this can be done.
A french nobleman called baron d'Aubry, who travels for his pleasure, arrived the day
before yesterday at my inn, having taken his tour through Hungary, Austria, and Silesia:
he relates, that he had seen every where in the said countries many of the imperial troops
as well horse as foot, and found the same exceeding beautifull, 7000 of them were made
over to the king of Spain, whose ambassador was listing 2 or 3000 men to the same. Tis
near six weeks that the said Baron set out from Vienna, at which time they spoke at the emperor's court of a marriage between a daughter of Spain and the arch-duke Leopold.
Prince Ragotsky, as he says, has actually 35000 men in arms, and is caressed by all
the powers, and visited by several ambassadors, viz. by those of the emperor, the kings of
Poland and Sweden, the great duke of Moscovy, and of the elector of Brandenburg; but
hitherto has declared for none of them.
They write from Koningsberg, that there is again arrived a Russian envoy: however it
was not yet known, what he had to propose to the elector, or what his negotiations might
be. It is said that a sort of pestilential feaver begins to reign in the Swedish camp
and garrisons, as also that Mr. Legate is to set out from hence in a few days, to the king
of Sweden at Marienburg.
Commissary Pels to the States General.
Dantzick, 27 May 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 459.
High and mighty lords,
Since my last of the 24th currant his majesty of Sweden, through the taking in of
Grebbin, and the total ruin of the fort called the Dansicker Lager, wherein were lost
3 or 400 men, hath made himself master of the Werder of Dantzick. Afterwards also by
possessing of the head, being the point, where the Weysell doth divide itself, partly towards Dantzick, and partly towards Elbing, he is master of the sea shore. And notwithstanding, that the king of Sweden sent letters yesterday by a trumpeter, full of protestations of amity and affection, and laid the blame of hostility upon this city, and made offer
of an accommodation; yet this town doth remain resolved to stand out the siege, and to
remain faithful to king Casimir, according to their oaths, hoping to be relieved by him
or Charnitsky.
The Swedish ships of war have order to come into this road; but are not yet come.
Letters of intelligence.
From Hamburgh, May 27, 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 483.
We receive from all parts the confirmation of the fierce encounter between the Swedes
and Polanders, wherein prince Adolph John, and the generals Wrangel, Duglas,
Myller, and Wreseviz, were in person. We expect to know by the next the particulars
of that fight. Some say, that the Poles have lost 3000. They did retire very orderly
for about a league from the place, where they were set upon, and did face about three several times, fighting gallantly; but at length they were put to flight. Nevertheless, they
had the wit to set the bridge of Wark on fire, to keep the Swedes from following them further. We have heard, that general Wrangel, who had the command of the left wing,
did give the first onset, and at the very beginning killed colonel Sonbeck with his own
hand, and took away one standard from the enemy, whereby his soldiers were mightily
encouraged.
The Swedish army is encamped at present at Rurmack something above Posna near the
river Warke, where they expect 3000 English from his highness my lord protector. It
is said by some others, that the Polish king is about Warsaw with 30000 men.
From Silesia, 27 May. [N. S.]
We hear from Koningsberg, that the grand duke's envoy having obeyed his commission
there is gone towards Marienberg with a retinue of seven persons. The ambassadors of
Holland, who were sent to Dantzick, are now at Marienburg, where they have been received with great pomp and ceremony. Their commission is to mediate between his Majesty of Sweden and the city of Dantzick; yet notwithstanding some of the said city have
set upon a fort of the Swedes in the great Werder near Guisterau with such fury and violence, that the Swedes were fain to retire into a house not far off, from whence they were
likewise driven away by the great guns of Dantzick.
The waywode James Weyer is also gone abroad with those of his faction. His design
is against Lawenburg. We do long to hear the success thereof. We hear also, that both
nobles and peasants in Samoite province of Poland are revolted from the Swede, and have
seized upon some small towns there, where they have not only put the Swedes to the sword,
but also all the inhabitants that were Roman Catholicks, and all such as were like Dutchmen
either in their looks or habit. 'Tis reported also, that the general Erneski and Lubomirski
were going to join with the king of Poland.
From Vienna, 31 May. [N. S.
His imperial majesty is still at Luxenbourg in very good health, thanks be to God.
The Spanish resident is preparing for a retreat, his successor being at Lints already.
The 28th instant there went out of this city a fine train of artillery for Silesia, from
whence we hear, that the king of Poland is marching in great haste towards Warsaw.
'Tis thought, that the emperor and the great duke of Muscow will endeavour conjointly
to mediate a peace between these two crowns.
From Breslaw and Thorn.
The Swedish army is before Dantzick, but we hope, that the ambassadors of the States
General, who are now with his majesty of Sweden, will mediate an agreement between
the king and the said city, and that they intend also to make some treaty with the Swedes
concerning their traffick upon the Baltick sea. The king of Poland is in the field with an
army of 25000 men, intending to fight the Swedes as soon as he can. The Swedes are no
less desirous to fight with him. They are expecting daily the English forces, which are
said to be in Pomerania.
The queen of Poland is gone from Silesia to her husband. She of Sweden is with the
king at Marienburg.
To the Venetian agent.
Antwerp, 27 May 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 479.
Sir,
By the last letters from Madrid we had no advice at all of the two gallions that are
wanting; so that 'tis believed, that they are either lost, or returned to St. Domingo or
Porto Rico.
We do very much long here to know, whether the Hollanders will yield to have their ships
visited at sea by the English. The king of England is not far from this city. The marquis of Caracena gave him a visit to day, and within a day or two is to go to Brussels.
The duke of Glocester is still with him, and many English do flock to him from all parts.
Endeavours are using here to hasten the army into the field. The French are come already between Arras and Cambray.
A letter of intelligence.
Paris, 27 May 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 481.
Sir,
This day the king is gone to Compeigne, and so to the army. It is already given
out, that the first siege will be laid to Tournay.
The English envoy is also gone to Compeigne, to receive his audience and dispatches
at the court, which suddenly removes to Peronne. The French will certainly put a great
army into the field. All things are very quiet here, though much rumour and many apprehensions were conceived of disorders and disturbances to be had in Paris; but all is
vanish'd in Flanders.
We hear of nothing by the last post, but of the magnificent entertainment of the new
governor don John. The Scotch king is expected at Brussells to congratulate him; but
not a word is said of his acting or doing any thing. They talk here again of a general
Peace; but upon what grounds I know not.
H. Cromwell to secretary Thurloe.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 489.
Sir,
The horse of the army havinge bin much wearyed, and his highness affayres much
prejudiced for want of a post-office to convey publique letters, the councell thought
fitt to give encouragment to Evan Vaughan, the bearer heerof, he having formerly bin
imployed therin, to undertake that care; who hath now with noe lesse charge than trouble
soe well setled the stages, and thereby so eased the horse of the army (who were formerly
the only post to convoy publique letters) that severall officers and others have importuned
mee to mediate to you in his behalfe for his continuance therin, which I am the more encouraged unto, as to publique conveniency and the person's fidelitie, soe likewise as to your
owne concernments, which will be more advantaged by imploying him, that is knowinge,
then any other therin; which if it may stand with your conveniency, I should be glad it
may have your approbation.
Your affectionate freind to serve you
H. Cromwell.
May 17th 1656.
An intercepted letter from colonel Sexby to major Wildman.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 499.
My Deare Freind,
Its now about a yeare and two month since I left England, and longer since I writt to
thee, and received any from thee. I pity thy condition, but prithy be of good comfort; all hopes of liberty is not utterly lost and gone; nor I doe not yet dispaire, but shall
see England againe, and thee too, before I dye, yea before many yeares passe, I trust
many months; neither in this doe I feed my selfe with a fantastick dream, but for what I
have good grounds, as thou shouldst understand, if it were possible for this to get to thy
hand, and thou wouldst send me a cypher, and orders how should direct mine to you.
Your paynes, labour, and other inconveniences met with in doeinge this, would be recompensed by what might possibly be imparted; though I hope thou question not my love; and
this I assure you of, should not say that to any in the world I would to thee. Oh! what
would I give for an houres discourse; but knowinge that cannot be, let us converse this
way, I desire, if possible. I understand thou art much dejected; I cannot but excedingly
blame you for it: you have as little cause soe to be, as ever prisoner had in his condition; for though your unrighteous judge and his janesaries thinke they sitt soe sure, their's
noe danger of fallinge; yet I tell thee, he will not be himselfe of that oppinion longe;
and then I am sure you would not, if he knowe what I can tell thee, and faine would, if
thou wouldest send me a cypher, and thy faithfull engagement to secrese. That apostate
think he knowes me, but if as pretend, would not be jealous of me, beinge in any pettie
designe, I hate foolish buissinesses; those undertakinges, and only such can render hym in
this fallinge condition. He is inconsiderable, marke what I say to you; his way within few
months will be hedged up by that necessity his owne designes will bringe upon hymself:
beinge frustrated therein, his soule (though as proud as Lucifer's) will faile within him.
This will be given to thee, if possible, by a hand thou knowest; if thou hast it, send to me
by that person thy character. In my next to you shall tell you, how and to whom shall
direct thyne for me. I shall not further enlarge, when told thee, that I am and for ever
shall remeyne, my worthy freind,
Thine to comand till death,
Thomas Brooke.
Antwerp, May 28, 1656. [N. S.]
The letter was writt by Sexbye unto major
Wyldman, and delivered to me G. C.
the beginninge of July 1656.
Generals Blake and Montagu to Mr. Philip Meadowe, the English resident at Lisbon.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 493.
Sir,
We have received your of the 13th instant, saluteing us with the good newes of the conclusion of the peace with his majesty of Portugall; which we are glad of, and doe
very much long for a consummation thereof, as a thing desired and expected for these many
yeares. And for our parts shall not be wanting in any thing, that may lye in our power to
contribute thereunto. But some particulars of moment occurring to us touching the manner
and forme of giveing his majesty satisfaction (which we are very desireous to doe) requireing
more time to consider of, then at present our affaires (being but newly returned hither) or
the bearer's importunity for his dispatch will well admit of, wee have therefore thought meet
to returne him with this expresse unto you, intending to send our further answer by a frigatt
of the fleet, which possibly may be as soone with you, as this comeing over land, if not
before. We are
Naseby in Cadiz-bay,
18th of May 1656.
Your very loving freinds
Rob. Blake.
E. Montagu.
sent by Mr. Smith.
The ministers of the church of Dantzick to the embassadors of the States General.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 511.
Illustres, et excellentissimi domini, domini gratiosissimi,
Bellum hoc, quod in septentione nostro, fama ubique notissimum, eventu anceps
exarsit, magnis malis ac difficultatibus, ut Poloniam universam, sic in eâ ecclesiam nostram implicuit. Neque enim hæc communem tantum experitur martis furorem, qui usitatè
per rapinas, vastationes, atque incendia villarum oppidorumque desævire solet, autor paupertatis miseriæque omnigenæ, omnis contra pii bonique moris hostis ac turbator; sed præterea
adversariorum nostrorum odium per se alioqui nimis vehemens, armis istis, quæ illi hæretica
vocant, acuitur, tantoque atrocius in homines nostros virus acerbitatis suæ effundit. Ut alia
jam taceamus, horribile prosecto est, quod in majore Polonia nuperrime, atque imprimis
Lesnæ, et ei vicinis locis, sævitiæ datum est specimen: seculum jam alterum labitur, ex
quo civitas ea reformatam religionem secundum ritus consessionis Bohemicæ amplexa est,
quam et retinuit semper, ecclesiarumque ejus confessionis per majorem Poloniam quasi mater
quædam exstitit. Isthuc ante annos prope triginta Bohemi, Moravi, Silesii, exules magno
numero fortunularum suarum cum reliquiis sese intulerunt; exilii et paupertatis ærumnas
integritate conscientiæ, et quanquam inter perpetuas adversariorum minas inoffenso tamen
hactenus religionis exercitio sese illic solati. Et postquam omnis in patriam redeundi spes
præcisa erat, in hac saltem Pellâ vitæ et miseriarum finem tranquillè attingere posse speraverant. Sed nimirum hunc quoque portum exulibus Satanæ rabies invidet, et quicquid
vitæ solatiorum restabat, id paupertati corum una cum lare hospitali plurimis et cum vitâ
ipsâ permissu divino, vicinorum efferorum truculentiâ indignis modis ablatum est. Cum
enim nuper rumor percrebruisset, regis Succorum exercitum in sinibus Poloniæ cæsum esse,
factum est, ut nobilitatis pontificiæ exercitus rusticana colluvie permistus in minore quidem
Polonia supra 120 familias intra unum fere mensem miserabili lanienâ extinxerit; in majore autem Poloniâ civitatem Lesnam sub finem proximi mensis Aprilis subito occuparit,
expilarit, omnesque obvios internecione delerit; flammis denique arcem haud multum munitam, quatuor templa (atque in his etiam novum à reformatis civibus peregrinorum fratrum subsidiis potissimùm recens exstructum) aliquot scholas, curiam, adeoque oppidum
universum prorsus exusserit. Duravit hoc excidium triduum totum, incendiariis, ut ne tunica quidem domus superesset, admodum attentis; cives, qui periculo animadverso noctu
sugâ elapsi incendia hæc eminus per unum atque alterum milliare spectabant, posteaque agminatim accurrebant, seu flammas residuas extinguendi, seu iisdem aliquid eripiendi (plerique enim vacuis aufugerant manibus) desiderio, ab iterum superveniente hoste, strenuè licet
sese defendentes, et multos hostium sternentes trucidati suere multi, sicut et sequentibus diebus, cum pagi vicini a reformatis colonis habitati pari truculentia in cineres redigerentur, ut
sic evangelicis in hoc tractu nihil effet reliquum, nec haberet quisquam, quo se reciperet.
Nondum iniri numerus eorum potest, quos in hoc horribili invasione, partim gladius, partim flamma, partim denique in fugâ paludes et cœli injuria miserè absumpsere. Cæteri,
etsi ægerrinè et prope nudi e fugâ residui vivant, nisi tamen clementia divina humanaque
singulariter et prospere subleventur, ad longius quodammodo supplicium et ipsissimæ mendicitatis extrema servati videntur, quippe non vitæ tantum necessariis alimentis, sed omni
etiam receptu (cum omnia sibi tam in Poloniâ quam in Silesiâ infesta videant) destituti.
Quo magis cunctorum, qui humanitatem non exuerunt, atque imprimis fratrum suorum,
ejusdem scilicet religionis sacramento ipsis conjunctorum, merentur misericordiam.
Nobis quidem, qui multorum ex iis invalidam ætatem et canitie venerabilem senectam, nonnullorum et præclara de ecclesia ac bonis artibus merita, plerorumque autem insignem pietatem
integritatemque morum, propius et novimus et expendimus, penitissima profecto præcordia intime commoventur, et ista eorum fortuna tum lachrymas gemitusque acerbissimos excutit, tum
manus ad opitulandum, qua licet, expandit: sed tantus est miserorum istorum numerus (soli
enim reformati ad aliquot millium numerum assurgunt) ut a cœtu nostro hoc potissimum statu
rerum, quo et nos violentia martis indies magis magisque premit, omnibus prospici haud possit.
Quare aliorum quoque opem interpositis precibus nostris conciliare iis quærimus, maxime
cum intelligamus, eos passim dispersos et latitantes convenire, nondum posse, ut ipsimet vel
per literas, vel per delegatas aliquas personas, misericordiam aliorum implorare queant. Ne
igitur mora auxilii longiore reliquiæ illæ miserorum exulum male pereant, vicem eorum sic in
antecessum subire voluimus illustres et excellentissimas Dominationes vestras enixè obsecrantes,
ut fratribus istis prorsus ad incitas redactis viscera misericordiæ aperiant, et pro eâ qua apud
illustres et præpotentes Fæderati Belgii ordines pollent authoritate, procurando aliquod subsidium, opitulari festinent. Scimus, uti alios in consimili persecutione, constitutos, ita et eorum
aliquos jam ante benignitatem munisicentiamque inclytæ vestræ gentis expertos; eo minus
vero destituendos istos jam putabitis, illustres et excellentissimi domini, cum multorum inter eos
geminatum exiliumque, omnium vero ad summum apicem evectus calamitatum cumulus tanto
et promptiorem et largiorem desideret manum. Unum restat, quod ab illustribus et excellentissi
mis dominationibus vestris peculiariter insuper oramus dignentur quæsumus contritionem
Josephi, pro eo quo erga religionem reformatam flagrant zelo ita cordi habere, ut commodam ex sua hac amplissima legatione captantes occasionem, pro miseris illis apud serenissimum Pol. et Suec. regem intercedant, securitatemque publicam extorribus et propter vicinorum truculentiam ad cinetes etiam suos redire non audentibus impetrent, efficiantque, ut
propediem tuto et sine cujusquam impedimento vel alienis subsidiis adjuti collapsam Sionem
restaurare et patrias sedes reparare possint. Gratiam hanc exosculabuntur miseri: Deus vero
cælesti remunerabitur benedictione, cujus tutela illustres et excellentissimas dominationes vestras diligentissime commendamus, Dantisci 29 Maii anno 1656, illustrium excellentissimarumque dominationum vestrarum
Studiosissimi pastores & ministri eccl. reform. Dantiscanæ
Benjamin Ursinus,
Casparo Conradus Cruciger,
Erasmus Scultetus, S. S. theol. licent,
Bartholomæus Pantelius,
Tobias Sellius,
Nathanael Vecherus.
Rationes ob quas Muscoviæ dux animum ad regnum Poloniæ adjicere non debeat, concinnatæ à Petro Bougolt Galliæ legati sacellano.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 519.
I. Quia domus Austriaca ex longo tempore maximo studio et infinitis sumptibus eò
allaboravit, ut tria illa regna, Poloniam, Bohemiam, et Hungariam, unicum sceptrum revereri efficeret, hacque ratione monarchiam suam stabilire posset.
II. Quia aliqui senatorum Poloniæ egregiis titulis et speciosis pollicitationibus adducti,
huic ambitioni domûs Austriacæ assensum suum præbuerunt.
III. Quia Poloni Cosacico, Moseovitico, et Suecico bellis implicati, domûs Austriacæ subsidia implorare necesse habuerunt.
IV. Quia domus Austriaca statim sub initium belli Suecici legationibus clàm ad Palatinatus et Quartianos subornatis successioni inhiavit.
V. Quia papa hoc Austriacæ domus institutum plurimum juvit, et ut causam hujus
regni et religionis Romano-Catholicæ seriò fovendam susciperet, solicitè instigavit, eique
pariter Poloniæ clerum facilem reddidit.
VI. Quia rex Poloniæ ex consensu senatorum anno 1655 mense septembri successionem
imperatori detulit.
VII. Quia Poloni Moscovitæ successionem instinctu imperatoris, non eo consilio promiserunt, ut ea unquàm effectum suum nancisceretur, sed ut ejus spe allectus contra Suecos
arma dirigeret.
VIII. Qui rex Poloniæ et senatores, nomine totius reipublicæ, imperatori solenni legatione coronam obtulerunt, statim atque Moscoviæ dux Livoniam intravit.
IX. Quia imperator, quamvis hanc oblationem in speciem declinaret, tamen privatim in
præsentiâ filii sui regis Hungariæ, archiducis Leopoldi, legati Hispanici ab unâ, et Polonici
legati ab alterâ parte, cam pro filio suo acceptavit, certis insuper pactis corroboravit.
X. Quia rex Casimirus Dantisci coram legato Gallico expresse fassus est, commissarios Polonicos non habuisse in mandatis, ut Muscovitæ successionem deferrent.
XI. Quia idem rex Casimirus Sueciæ secreto aliquo tractatu omnimodæ compositionis
modum proposuit, et priusquàm Muscoviæ Zaar id requisiverit, juxta eum concludi petiit.
Cui etiam rex Sueciæ certis conditionibus adstipulatus est.
XII. Quia rex Poloniæ ultimo Januar. St. Novo, cum Dantisco discederet, scripto per
mediatores transmisso, non modo juribus in regno, titulo, et insignibus Sueciæ sibi competentibus se renunciaturum pollicitus est, sed et comitiis proximè indicendis; declarationem de
transferendâ Livoniâ se obtenturum recepit.
XIII. Cum rex Sueciæ ad Poloniam coronam non adspiret, jure hæreditario in coronam
Suecæ contentus; ideo rex Poloniæ optima spe nititur, si, præter aliquod additamentum
etiam juri suo in Livoniâ et titulo Suecico renunciaret, fore ut pacificatio aliqua et unanimis conjunctio contra Moscovitas iniri posset.
XIV. Quia à Polonis et Austriacis intenditur, ne Moscovita prius arma contrà Suecos deponat, quàm hæc disceptatio ad finem suerit perducta.
XV. Quia Poloni id imprimis agunt, ut proximis comitiis domui Austriacæ de successione
certò constare possit; hacque ratione Muscovitis alio quopiam obtentu illudi.
XVI. Quia præcipui senatores, ut domui Austriacæ satis sieret, multum conducibile esse
arbitrantur, si pontisex Cæsareæ majestati authoritate suâ et cautione interpositâ nomine Polonorum et quidem sub pœnâ excommunicationis de successione, et quòd constitutiones in
savorem Muscovitæ in comitiis factæ, nullum in domûs Austriacæ præjudicium vergere
debeant, sidejubeant, cum quod tunc urgens suadet necessitas pontificia dispensatione immutari et revocari queat.
From the Dutch ambassadors in Denmark.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 495.
My lord,
The Swedish resident here has told the chiefest ministers here that he had received
repeated orders, to make his further applications, to the end that your high mightinesses ships of war might not be permitted to appear near the Sound. For severall days
we have had here new reports of fitting out a considerable sea force at Stockholm, which
is confirmed by some that come from thence, and contradicted by others, so that we can
mention nothing certain in relation thereunto. The Swedish resident has been pleased to
assure the lord rix-chancellor as well as us, that not one ship is fitting from thence, nor will be
fitted out there. However letters from Colmar (as the lord high steward tells us) say, that
the sailors of that town and thereabouts are summon'd; and the governor of Bahus, a place
belonging to this king, laying near Gottenburgh, writes word, that the like orders were
arrived there in the Swedish places, to raise all the sailors there, which news is the more
credited, because there is some suspicion, that the Swedes intend to undertake something
against Dantzick.
The Danish resident with the king of Sweden writes from Elbing, that the said
king after the late battel with general Charnitsky near Gnesen had told him, that he
hoped now, that the said general would at length submitt, and that his majesty was
obliged to come to extremities with Dantzick. The Swedish resident here has given
to understand, as if something was upon the carpet to force the said city, and would be
undertaken not without hope of a good success. And altho' the Swedish affairs might
perhaps not be every where in a condition to enter upon such a weighty design as yet,
nevertheless these discourses and tidings cause some considerations here, by reason the conservation of that city is thought to be of very great moment. There is no answer here
as yet from the lord protector to his majesty's letter, mentioned in our former, and the minister who petitions for the same is put off from time to time. They write from Sweden,
that besides the ordinary tolls and imposts there has been layd lately half a rix-dollar the
last on the ships which are going and comeing.
Sundry masters of ships arrived here within a few days from Riga, and among others a
sea captain, whom we happened to speak with, assured us with great unanimity for a certain and true tiding, that the Swedish troops in Lithuania and Samogitia have suffered very
much of late by the nobility and boors, that are assembled in great numbers in those parts,
and have taken to arms, and that count Magnus de la Gardie, having given orders to
raise some contributions by way of execution at St. Rawle in Samogitia, which being opposed, the said execution had changed into a most cruel massacre, whereby besides the men,
that were kill'd, 4 or 500 women and children by the firing and burning down of a large
house wherein they were fled, had most miserably lost their lives, and that the assembled
noblemen and boors, being to the highest degree exasperated thereby, had surprized all
the Swedish troops in those provinces on the 9th instant and entirely defeated. That the said
count by the way of Sudland was arrived down the river in a yacht at Riga in the night
time with a very small attendance, and was marched out again the day following, being
the 10th instant, with about 400 foot and 60 horse, but according to the tidings they heard
since, he had again met with such unfortunate success, that his lordship having had a narrow escape, was come back with but a very few men, and arrived at Riga, where there remained not above 500 men in garrison, and those, as the said eye witnesses report, most
boys and unsightly men. What may be the number of the said gentry and boors, cannot
very well be told: the reports at Riga make the same amount to above 20000 men, and the
said captain told us, that he heard from four Swedish troopers, who had been in the first
rencounter, that above 1000 Swedes had been kill'd, and that their affairs in those parts
were in a very bad situation. Of the designs of the Moscovites there were at present no
certain tidings. Wherewith, &c.
Copenhagen, May 8/18 1656.
High and mighty lords, &c.
signed Bevningen,
Amerongen,
Viers.
Lockhart, resident in France, to secretary Thurloe.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 503.
Right Honorable,
I shall not add much to what I have said in this other of the same daite; onlie I
shall beseech you to forgive the confusions of it, which are occasioned partlie by the
haste I make to dispatch Mr. Swift, and mostlie by my being unaccustomed to give a di
stinct account of businesse of importance, especiallie when I am necessitated to expresse
much of it by cyphers. I have given but short hints of the fyve particulars, wherin satisfactione is desyered, and dare not presume to offer anie thing of my advyse concerning
them. I hope the Lord will direct your counsells. I esteem myselfe bound to lett you
know, that (in the repute of most men) Mazarin is look'd upon as a person of little ingenuitie;
whether envie or his own miscariage hath begott him this esteem, I know not. If yow
resolve to trust the cardinall therein, and see it fitt to give satisfactione in the particulars mentioned, the nature of that businesse is such, that much of its successe must depend upon your
speedie dispatch of what is expected on your part. I was much pressed to send this by ane
expresse, to the end a speedie and certan return may be had. I am,
Compiegn, May 29th, new styl, 1656.
Right honorable,
Your most affectionat and faithfull servant
Will. Lockhart.
Notes of an answer to this letter in secretary Thurloe's hand.
To let the cardinall knowe,
I. THAT his highnes haveinge received your letter, and thereby the cardinall's proposition of beseidginge some sea-port in Flanders, and particularly that fort of Mardyke, although his highnes hath disposed of his designe against Spayne in another way, yet he will
endeavour to bringe such a fleet before that place, as may be able to beseege it at sea, and
keepe all releife from it that way.
II. For the 3 or 4000 foot to assist the seidge at land, you shall let the Cardinal knowe, that
the condition of our affaires is such, that wee cannot spare any part of our standinge army,
but that yet wee can spare the bodyes of men, which may be leavyed in a very short tyme.
And therefore if the cardinall doe intend to be at the charge, which wee suppose he doth,
for otherwise they can't be furthered heare, wee shall be able to send there 3 or 4000 foot,
as shall be desired, under a fittinge conduct, who shall joyne with the French army at land,
upon such termes as shal be reasonable.
III. As for the tyme of beinge ready to and with the fleet, wee do not doubt but to comply with the cardinall therein, both with the fleet and soldiers, sitting notice beinge given
us of his intentions therein.
IV. In respect the place upon the taking or surrender thereof will be in the power of the
French army, good assurance ought to be given to us, that the place shal be put into our
islands, whereof you shall conferre with the cardinall.
V. Liberty of conscience shall be allowed.
VI. For the provisions to be sent them from hence for ready money, they shal be furnished with lead, match, and coarse meall for bread, in what quantities they please, at so
reasonable rates as can be expected, provided we may know what proportions they will be
sure to take, and at what certain tymes. The particular prises canot be most justly set
downe, in respect this market cannot be tryed in soe short a tyme. And for powder, we
cannot be obliged to furnish above 300 barrels per month for the three next months, but
afterwards any reasonable proportion, provided we have timely notice.
24 May 1656.
Instructions for articles of peace betwixt England and France, in the hand-writing of secretary Thurloe.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 505.
That France shall be furnished with soe many ships of warr, as they shall stand in
need of for their service in the Mediterranean, at the rate of 4 l. per head per month
for every marriner.
That in case the shipp be lost in his service, that then he shall pay for the ship about six
pounds for every tunn the ships is of; but more or lesse as the ships is better or worse.
That the money due for the hire shall be payed in the manner following; 2/1 moitie at
settinge sayle of the said ships from England, and the ¼ moietie at three months after the
certain tyme of the service is to be agreed upon; for the payment whereof security is to be
given by merchants here.
That the ships shall not be compelled to take aboard soe many men, as may master the
ships company; but that shall be at the discretion of the captaine of the ship.
To write about the standard of England:
That all prizes taken before they come to the rendezvous appointed shall be due to
us, as also after their dismission, and upon their returne home. And that all prizes
taken in the French servise shall be due unto them, they allowing to the mariners and seamen their shares as in other warres.
Two thousand men for France.
Intelligence.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 529.
Stettin, May 30, 1656. [N. S.]
Whereas there are arrived here no letters from Thorn, nor any passengers from
the camp of prince Adolph, we have hitherto no further news from those parts and
the said Swedish camp is believed to be still betwixt Posna and Pysdry. Some are of opinion
that the said troops are left there near the Warta, and count Wittenburg near Warsaw,
with a view, to secure thereby as by two advanced guards, the chief avenues from Poland
into Prussia, since it is said, that the king of Poland's chief aim was to enter Prussia in
order to free the city of Dantzick from all further inconveniencies: if this should come to
pass, it will not be done without blood, since they have talk'd already a great while of the
said succours. One doth not know for certain, whether Charnitsky is still about Calish (or
as some think) is returned to Crenstochorb. Of the waywodes Grudinsky and Weyer we
have heard nothing further, and it is believed, that the first is still about Costian, and the
other betwixt Schlockow and Conits. They write on the 12/22 instant from Riga, that the
Swedes on the 17th had brought in there about 600 men Polish soldiers and revolted boors
as prisoners, and that as yet the Russians did act no great hostilities against them. Not long
ago they wrote from those parts quite otherwise, so that no great certainty can be put on
those news, since the same have been for some time very variable, now good Polish, and
then again good Swedish, according to the inclination of the writers. It seems still as it
did before, that the design is layd chiefly against Dantzick, as being a dainty bit, for which
so many hungry mouths have such a great while longed and wasted for. However, unless the
dissensions within do them more hurt from within, than the Swedish forces have done hitherto
from without, it will be a good while first, before they come to enjoy the same. According to their own advices of the 17/27 instant his majesty of Sweden is himself and personally arrived in the small Werder; some write that his army is 6000, others that it is 8000
men strong, and that the most part were Brandenburg troops. Whether they be Swedish or Brandenburg is not disputed here, but as to the number the same is not believed
to be above 4000 men. His majesty of Sweden being arrived at Grebbin, where lay an
ensign with 40 men, and the same retiring immediately to Dantzick without waiting for the
arrival of the Swedes, proceeded further to the fort, which the Dantzickers for the security
of the Werder had erected on the Vistula about three miles from the city, the first storm
being repulsed, a cessation of arms was made, and capitulation was entered upon; but
whereas during the said cessation, they fired two guns from the fort, whereof one going very
narrowly over his majesty's head, killed a drummer, and the other an officer, the king
order'd a second assault to be made, whereby the place was taken, and above a hundred
men killed, the rest of the 400 men that lay in it, went over into Swedish service. Near
Houet a bridge is sayd to be layd over the Vistula, whereby those of the city are deprived
of the communication with Frische Nerung, as also with the Frische Haf, as also entirely of the use of the lands which lay between both. There are many here of opinion,
and believe for certain, that his majesty will go forthwith to the fortress Weichselmunde,
to attack the same, and thereby to straiten the Dantzickers to the highest degree, and to
stop in a manner their heart's blood, in hopes that by those means the common people might
grow discontent and rebellious, and thus to obtain what cannot possibly be done by force.
However those threatned people write, that they are ready and resolved, to venture their
good and blood for their liberty: if their deeds will answer their words, time must learn.
Of the lords the ambassadors of their high mightinesses to his majesty of Sweden, they
have here at present a very good opinion and firm hopes, that in case they will only mend
their own interest and not that of the city of Dantzick, that his majesty will give and
grant sufficiently good and reasonable conditions to our state. The regiments of the duke
of Mecklenburg and count Coninksmarck are at present at Tramberg, a small town in
Upper Pomerania, situated upon the small river Trage, a sign that the way to go to the
other troops is not yet so clean, for otherwise they would not so long continue in these poor
and lean quarters. The lord legate Oxenstiern doth sett out to-morrow for Wolgart, to
pass away there upon his estate the approaching holydays, and to go from thence (as doth
also the lord president Lillienstroom) to his majesty of Sweden; among the four vessels
which they take with them to carry their baggage, one is laden with gunpowder, which
is sayd shall be distributed on board of the six or seven ships of war, which shall within a
few days be in the road of Dantzik, there are also four new large guns and two mortars
which never as yet have been mounted. All the people are in expectation here of the taking of Dantzick, in hopes that his majesty will find there, what otherwise to their great
loss must be found here in Pomerania or elsewhere. The goose that is pluck'd envyes the
unpick'd her downy feathers.
P. S. Charnitsky is said to have retired to the frontiers of Silesia or to Czentochow;
and prince Adolph they say is gone to Kalisch, to drive from thence some combined
Polanders, that keep the same besieged, and then to proceed to Conin to attack the
same; this small town lays betwixt Pysdry and Lauda on the Warta.
Commissary Pels to the States General.
Dantzick, 30th May 1656. [N. S.]
Vol. xxxviii. p. 525.
High And Mighty Lords,
Since my last of the 21st of May I have nothing to advise your high and mighty
lordships; only here is come forth in print the Polish answer the Swedish of manisesto.
I hope I have not done ill to send your high and mighty lordships a copy of it. In my last
I told you of the king of Sweden's design of laying siege to this town, and how much we
shall be disaccommodated by it. Here is report, that the Poles have taken Warsaw.
A letter of intelligence.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 527.
Dantisco, 30 Maii 1656. [N. S.]
Tartaricus delegatus Koningsbergæ audientiam habuit, et quamvis sit suspectus
ac suppositus, satis honorificè habitus est, novisque vestimentis, quoniam mendicum
veste præferebat, cohonestatus, propositum erat, ut elector ad partes regis Casimiri rediret,
alioquin pro hoste habendus. Risum teneatis amici? inquit, Suecus. De exercitu Suecico ac
Polonico ne [Gzy] quidem hodie. Pusilla manus, duce rege ac Steinbocko, Dantiscanis omnia
fortalitia extra vallum urbis vi eripuit, videlicet Stibelow, Dribbin, Hoost, Studhost, et alia
minoris momenti: præter hoc Vistulæ juxta Kesemark pontem imposuit, sperans se hâc ac
aliâ viâ urbem ad angustias deducturum.
Viennâ scribunt exercitui Cæsareo præsuturum archiducem Leopoldum, invasurumque
Poloniam, in favorem regis Casimiri, ne Suecis relinqueretur quieta istius regni possessio, et
ut restitueretur Casimirus cum conditione, ut eo decedente regno, potiretur Austriacus Leopoldus vel alius.
Mr. Bradshaw, resident at Hamburg, to secretary Thurloe.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 537.
Right Honorable,
This post hath brought me yours with his highness and the councell's order to examine witnesses, which I humbly thancke you for. Beinge the commissioners have not
power to administer an othe, there's not any of Townley's party will testifie any thinge
against him; they haveinge all but one soule are resolved to support their bad cause as longe
as they can. Their treasurer Watson, and their secretary Misselden, have allready beene
examined, but they now remember nothinge, though they were both present, and the treasurer one that reproved Townley, and was bid by him to hold his pratinge. Misselden
haveing a little studied the law, and beinge wholy at the devotion of that party, since he
penned their remonstrance for them, sets himselfe all the waies he can to uphold that party,
and to please them, in hopes of the place for his reward, if neither Townley nor Baron
prove sit for it; and noe doubt but he tells them, that till they come upon their othes, they
may say what they lift. The best is, I need not their testimony. I shall sufficiently prove
the charge by the well affected party, who in conscience to their duty will declare the truth
being comanded; and though they are heere most intollerably abused for it by the other
party, who are at such a height, as that they dare threaten and openly abuse both the commissioners and witnesses, that give testimony for the state, which I hope will shortly be
redressed. At present the ships beinge upon departure, the merchants were necessitated to
attend their affairs; but as soon as possible, I shall not faile to send your honour the charge
against Townley sufficiently proved. In the meane tyme I have inclosed a copie of the
narrative or parcel charge, which I sent you alonge in the ships with Townley, who is yet
in the river; in which you will finde, that he then amonge his other peaisant like language
called me a rouge, which I did not not mention in the first paper of his deportment, because I did not then knowe, that any heard him but myselfe. But now I shall prove it;
though I must confesse it seemes to me somewhat hard, that I should be put to prove every
affront put upon me by the subjects of the state, or sit down therewith; for you know, that
cannot allwayes be done; I meane publique affronts, for as for private ones I have sit down
with many a one since I came hither. I am glad to heare of the health of your men in
Jamaica: the Lord keepe open that doore of hope to our nation. I shall doe what in me
lyes to effect your order for more certaine intelligence out of Sweden and Poland's armies;
but they suffer no posts to passe in those countryes, as Mr. Rolt knowes. The weekely intelligence I have is from the best hands in theise parts; and though in some things and at
sometimes, when the posts from the borders of Poland faile, wee are in the darke, yet for
the most part yow have the truth of those actions. I remayne
Hamb. May 20, 1656.
Your honour's
most humble servant
Richard Bradshaw.
I heere inclose the answer from the Swedish resident touching the late exacted toll at
Stoade. They pretend it was an arrear, and promise it shall be noe more required.
I writt formerly, how Townley moved the company to passe by me, and apply themselves to this senate for redresse; and since I am told, that one of his party said, that
they had rather loose their priviledges, than seeke to the resident to preserve them.
Generals Blake and Montagu to Mr. Philip Meadowe, the English envoy at Lisbon.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 533.
Sir,
The bearer lieutenant Morgan, being a person in whom we confide, understands
something of our thoughts touching the businesse we would speake with you about;
to whome you may give creditt in any thing he shall deliver by way of relation from
Naseby in Cadiz-bay,
20th of May 1656.
Your very loving freinds
Rob. Blake.
E. Montagu.
Note here, That it being not thought expedient to mention the sayling of the fleet in the
letter, least it should be opened by the Portugalls between Cascais and Lisbone, the
lieutenant of the Naseby was ordered to communicate it by word of mouth, and to
lett Mr. Meadowes know, he should not need to goe beyond Cape-Pitcher, as the generalls hoped to meet them.
Generals Blake and Montagu to Mr. Phil. Meadowe.
Vol. xxxviii. p. 535.
Sir,
According to what we intimated in our letter of the 18th instant, we have sent
the Phenix frigott towards you; but for as much as some weighty considerations still
sticke with us in the businesse you last writt of, which in our apprehension cannot soe well
be explained to you, nor resolved again by letters, she onely brings at present our desires,
that if it may stand with your health, you would make use of her as speedily as you can
to come on board the Naseby, where we doubt not but a short conference with you will
bring us to such an understanding of things, as that we shall suddenly returne you againe
with a satisfactory answer to his majesty. In order whereto we shall expect you accordingly, and remaine
Naseby in Cadiz-bay,
this 20th of May, 1656.
Your very loveing friends
Rob. Blake.
E. Mountagu.
Indors'd: 20 May 1656.
Generalls to Mr. Meadowe by lieutenant Morgan in the Phœnix, which morning the fleet
did also set sayle for Lisbone, but not delivered, the Phœnix being not able to gett up
before the generalls were arrived with the fleet at Cape-Pitcher.