|
| May 16. | 99. Gresham to Count Mansfelt. |
| Announces the reception of Hans Kecke by the Queen in
England, and asks credit for his own factor, Richard Clough,
the bearer of this letter to the Count.—Antwerp, 16 May
1560. |
| Copy. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Lat. Pp. 2. |
| May 17. | 100. The Scottish Lords to Norfolk. |
| Have received his letters from Berwick of the 14th inst.,
bearing in effect that divers Scotch vessels have haunted the
narrow seas, and under colour of their commission have taken
not only French but Flemish and Portuguese ships, whereby
the English traffic is hindered and the Queen's honour touched.
They are much grieved thereby, and will grant no such commissions for the future. They never granted commissions to
trouble Flemings, Spaniards, or Portuguese, and think that
the offenders should be punished with some show of justice,
the execution whereof they refer to his pleasure.—Camp before
Leith, 17 May 1560. Signed: James Hamilton, Huntly,
Arch. Argyll, Glencairn, James Stewart. |
| Orig. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Pp. 2. |
| May 17. | 101. Grey and Others to Norfolk. |
| 1. Upon the receipt of the Duke's letters sent by Mr. Leek
(whereby they perceived that Chaperon was addressed hither
with him) they let him stay at Musselburgh until they had
consulted with the Lords of Scotland as to the delivery of his
letters. Being brought to Holyrood House to the Duke and
the Lords they determined that he should not see the Queen.
They forward the copy of the memorial and commission
brought by him. They have returned Lord Erskine's man to
his master, who seems nothing offended with his stay, protesting that he knew nothing that letters were sent with him in
cipher, but that before he went hence, mistrusting the matter, he
had desired the Lords to open and peruse his letters. They
perceive by Norfolk's last letter of the 15th, the Queen's
earnest mind to relieve their wants of men and munitions; in
the mean season they trust to keep the enemy from victuals,
and will endeavour to annoy him by all the ways they can.—
Camp before Leith, 17 May 1560. Signed: Grey, Scrope,
Sadler, Croftes, Leek. |
| 2. P.S.—Yesterday the Admiral took eleven French
mariners, who having been taken about March 20 in the
Frith, had been licensed by letters from the Lords of the
Congregation to pass into France; and who, taking Dunbar in
their way, stole a boat to transport themselves into France,
but were encountered by the Admiral. There are daily small
skirmishes. |
| Orig. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Pp. 3. |
| May 17. | 102. Maitland to Norfolk. |
| By inspection of the writer's letter to Cecil the Duke may
consider the Lords' determination anent the coming of Chaperon; but if it shall seem otherwise good to the Duke they
will follow his pleasure and direction.—Camp before Leith,
17 May 1560. Signed. |
| Orig. Hol. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Pp. 2. |
| May 17. | 103. Maitland to Cecil. |
| 1. On the 15th inst. Captain Chaperon came hither, sent by
the Duke of Norfolk, having divers packets directed to the
Queen Dowager and the French. It was remitted to the
Council by Lord Grey whether either he or his letters should
come to her presence. They thought that the letters should
be first considered, whether there was any hindrance to the
cause in them. When disclosed they only found divers letters
from the King, the Cardinal, and the Duke of Guise to the
Dowager, MM. d'Oysel, de la Brosse and Martigues, and the
Bishops of Amiens and Valence, containing nothing but ample
credit to the bearer; there is also a memoir in cipher and a
commission under the King's seal, whereof he encloses a copy,
that after it has been deciphered Cecil may judge whether it
is meet that the same should come into their hands. The
Council here are minded to intercept all intelligence whereby
the French may receive any comfort. It appears by a letter
from the Chevalier de Sevre that Chaperon's coming was only
for a crafty conveyance of intelligence, for he writes to credit
him anent the manner of his passage and take order that he
may quickly return, and have means to repair hither again.
Until answer come from Cecil he shall be well entreated, and
yet so looked after that the Dowager shall have none of his
news. Remits all to the Queen's pleasure, whom they will in
all things obey.—The camp before Leith, 17 May 1560.
Signed. |
| 2. P. S.—The commission only promises the Scots pardon
for their offences if they will acknowledge their King and
Queen; but the Scottish Lords mean to receive no pardon, as
none have offended against their duty, but what they do is
for the preservation of their Queen's interests as good subjects. |
| Orig. Hol. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Pp. 3. |
| May 17, 19, 21. | 104. The Dowager of Scotland to [D'Oysel]. |
| 1. Has notice that besides the mine which the English
make at the citadel, they are making another at St. Anthony,
more secret and known to few of the Scots, which one who
has been in it tells her is already nearly the length of a
"bute," commencing from the trench. They have twentyseven men working in it, and five on guard. They are
driving it straight for the flanker, and by Monday or Tuesday
they will be beyond the curtain. More than twelve days
since she told him that they thought of mining St. Anthony,
the little bulwark near the mill, and the citadel; and later by
the spy of Captain Sarlabois, which she does not know
whether he has received. Her leg is better, the heat has gone;
she has been her own doctor and surgeon. |
| 2. She informed him by the spy that Croftes was gone to
Berwick; she has since learnt that it was Howard. Their
cavalry has gone, and there has arrived within the last eight
days in two bodies, about 700 men from Berwick. |
| 3. Yesterday the Prior, Ruthven, the Master of Maxwell,
and Lethington came twice, with whom she entered into
communication, hoping thereby to open a means of communicating with the person addressed; but was unable, for they
wished her, before speaking with him, to agree to send all the
French out of Scotland according to the offer of the Bishop
of Valence, and which caused them to do nothing. Bothwell
has asked leave to go to France; she has sent an ample
despatch by him, and another by Wilson, a kinsman of the
Bishop of Dumblane, who has just returned from France.—
Edinburgh Castle, 17 May. |
| 4. They must not expect succour before July; if in the
meanwhile he is in danger and can find means to warn her,
she will again try to negociate. This afternoon, the man who
has seen the mines has told her that there is water in the
mine at St. Anthony; but that in that by the citadel they
find the earth hard and firm. They have commenced mining
at the last trench, advancing towards the citadel, and have
gone ten or twelve paces; the beginning is with masonry,
the remainder not; and the ground is so compact that the
mine is like a vault; hence they have great hope. |
| 5. On Wednesday a gentleman coming from France through
England was taken, who is in the Duke's hands and with
whom she has not yet means of speaking, but he appears to
be Captain Chaperon. The report is that he brings some
pardons and commissions under the Great Seal to M. de Valence.
Her people seek every occasion to quarrel with her. She has
had no means of despatching this until the present day, the
19 May, at which time she hears that the enemy have very
much advanced the mine, and they count to finish it by
Wednesday. They say that they know they are countermined,
but that theirs is so deep that they pass under the countermine. They find the fort of Peleric [Pelham] strong, and it is
said that they have another mine going towards the mill
bulwark. Five fleet of victuallers have entered into the
island on the coast of Fife. |
| 6. She has heard to-day (the 21st) that the enemy have
reached the water's edge, and want to pass under the palisade
of the French to make a sortie within. In the commencement they had only three men abreast at work, but now they
have twenty in the said mine. It were good to dig well on
this side the water in order to meet them. |
| Endd.: The Queen Dowager of Scotland's letter deciphered. Fr. Pp. 4. |
| May 18. | 105. The Queen to Gresham. |
| Perceives by his letter of the 12th to Cecil that the payment of the mart is prorogued till August, with the interest
of 50s. in the 100l.; and as James Shetz has so travailed on
her behalf Gresham is to give him 400 or 500 crowns, and
assure him of her desire for amity between her country
and the Low Countries. Since the bruit that the French
should have aid out of Flanders against her, she has been
tempted to direct the negociations of her merchants to other
countries, and thereunto provoked with no small privileges
and immunities, and offers of aid with money and men.
The house of England has never assisted France against
Burgundy, but both in the Emperor Charles and King
Philip's time has joined in war against France and spent
much treasure, and in the last war, entered into at Philip's
request, lost Calais, whilst at the same time he would not
break with the Scots who made war on England. It were
therefore a strange thing if Flanders made war against Scotland and England at the request of France. |
| Draft, with seal, in Cecil's hol., written on the outer sheet
of a letter add. to Cecil. Endd.: M. from the Queen to Sir
T. G. Pp. 2. |
| May 18. | 106. Gresham's Instructions to Michael van der Over. |
| 1. On arriving at Wesel he shall pack the merchandise and
send it to Hamburg. On his road he shall buy powder to
the extent of 100,000 weight of coarse and 60,000 weight
of fine powder, to be delivered in Hamburg with all possible
speed. |
| 2. On his arrival at Hamburg he shall hire four ships
well armed and equipped, and embark therein the arms and
provisions to the extent of 2,000l. or 3,000l. in each ship,
and shall advertise the despatch by letter to Count Christopher
Prewen, care of Nicholas de Noaille. The merchandise to
be marked with Christopher Prewen's mark. He shall write
his letters to Gresham in French. He shall show this letter
to John Brickenden at Hamburg or elsewhere; he was at
Groningen the 27th of April. Signed. |
| Copy. Endd. by Gresham: The copy of Michael van
Dorover's information sent to Handborow 18 April 1560.
French. Pp. 2. |
May 18. Haynes, p. 311. | 107. Norfolk to Cecil. (fn. 1) |
| He is much beholden to him for his letter of the 13th of this
present, for that ill tongues or malicious letters cannot make
him judge any further fault in him than he deserves. Hopes
by this time he is more fully instructed of the truth than he
was by Mr. Kennynghall's report. He has this day written
to Grey comforting him all he can, "who in my opinion is
no way to be blamed; except it be for that he hath not
his wits, and memory fails him." As long as the writer
continues in the Queen's service there shall be no quarrel
made to any one for him, whatever occasion be given. He
has also written to the Lords of the Congregation of the
Queen's forwardness for revenge for this last mishap, and of
the great power she minds to relieve them with, besides
money and all kinds of munitions, of which there shall be
no lack. He has written of his going in as Cecil required.—
Berwick, 18 May. Signed. |
| Orig. Autog. Add. by Railton. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Pp. 2. |
| 108. John Sheres to Cecil. |
| Wrote two weeks past of divers consults made at Rome,
concerning the Queen and England, and of the Abbot of
St. Salute's appointment for England; now he writes that
the said Abbot is disappointed and another shall be sent in
his stead, who shall be accompanied by a gentleman for
France, and another for King Philip. The principal points
of their message shall be to dissuade the Queen from aiding
the Scots, and to turn her dominions to the obedience of the
Church of Rome. In case she does not yield, the Pope's commissary shall have authority to proceed further with the
censures or curses of the Church and denounce her a rebel
to the same; likewise forthwith these two gentlemen for
France and Spain, shall threaten her with war and the temporal sword.—Venice, 18 May 1560. Signed. |
| Orig. Hol. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Pp. 3. |
| May 19. | 109. Montague and Chamberlain to the Queen. (fn. 2) |
| 1. On the 13th inst., on receipt of her letters sent by
Francis the post by way of France, they repaired to a place
eight leagues from this town where the King was, and
signified to him at good length the contents thereof. For
the first he said, that though M. de Glassion had declared no
further of his commission but in counselling her to retire her
army, he believed that very soon after this post's departure,
by whom Glassion and the Bishop of Aquila had signified
their proceedings with her, they had received order to go
forwards in travailing for the composition of the matters
between her and the French. And so with this general kind
of answer he told them that as he had begun and taken
care of the Queen and her realm, so would he not leave off,
but prosecute with all good office that he could unto the full
according of these matters. And whereas by M. de Glassion
he gave her to understand that he would lend his vassals
to the French for the suppression of the rebels in Scotland;
he did this for her better surety and satisfaction, rather than
for the French; because he was assured they should but help
to bring the Scots to obedience, and excuse the French
from carrying thither any other power more dangerous
to the Queen. If anything of offence should be otherwise
offered towards her by the French, his meaning was that his
said vassals should join her side against the French and they
might see, he said, that he had not omitted to do as much as
was requisite, both in sending Glassion to the Queen and
Garcilaso to the French King, and he hoped within a few
days to hear of the speeding of the latter. Also, he had set
M. Chantonet, his Ambassador in France, to travail with the
French King to bring him to a good accord, and had good
hope thereof. |
| 2. The writers replied that the Scots were not rebels,
neither had they in such sort attempted anything against
their Queen or her husband; but being chief members of
their country and taking themselves to be bound to the
defence thereof for their Queen's behalf, being young and
remaining by occasion of marriage in foreign parts, believing
her not so well to understand her own case, and though she
did, that yet in such case they as counsellors of the realm
might both signify to her what were meet for the preservation of her person, declaring to His Majesty what might
happen either by God disposing of her before her husband, or
after. So they prayed him not to hearken to the French
sayings and informations wherewith they sought to abuse
him, this case being rather a private enterprise for the house
of Guise, sought for their only advancement, under pretext
of their niece. And to have the Scots in due obedience, they
offered that the Queen of England would promise that in
case any in all Scotland should refuse the same, she would
assist the French King and his wife to the redress thereof, so
as there was no need that he should aid the French to bring
the Scots rather to an utter subjection than obedience.
Wherefore they besought him to consider well what might
follow both to the prejudice of the Queen and her realm and
his own dominions adjoining, counting the case common.
They thus having repeated all the particularities of the
Queen's letter, the King prayed them to take patience for a
little, and by the Duke of Alva they should understand his
answer. |
| 3. Within a while after the Duke brought the King's
answer, which was not much different from what he himself
had said; saving that, entering deeper into the particular
points, he said that among all the King's other good offices
the lending of his vassals for the subduing of the rebel Scots
ought to be best taken, for that it was the only means without breach of league on the King's part, to keep the French
from putting more power into Scotland; and that such of the
King's vassals as should be lent to the French King should be
conducted by captains sworn to the King, and they of the
whole troop besides. Mary, they should always be at the
French King's charge, and by their oath be charged to intermeddle no further than to bring the Scots to obedience; and
in case the French and Scots should make any attempt against
the Queen of England, that they should join in her defence
against the French. To this the writers said as before,
excusing the Scots of rebellion, and that when they should
in such sort be brought to obedience, or rather subjection,
the French would be strong enough (for all the King of
Spain's vassals) to prosecute their malicious intents against
England. |
| 4. Here the Duke said that it was inhuman for a Prince
to intermeddle between any other Prince and his subjects,
and that it was a strange manner of counsellers to advise
their Prince with drawn swords, so as he said no colour there
was to excuse their rebellion. And if they alleged that they
were subjects to the French King, who at the treaty of the
marriage had accepted the same, therefore in equity they
were bound to the observation of the same. |
| 5. All this would not satisfy the Duke, but he said, "I tell
you from the King that he will lend his vassals to the French
King for the purpose before, and our ships are a rigging
in Flanders; but all shall be at the French cost, and with
conditions expressed." Here they asked the Duke whether
this were the King's determination, and whether they
should so understand it. "Yea," quoth he, "if the case so
fall out." They said better and more convenient means were
to be found without any charge or trouble to the King, or
cause of misliking of the Queen; and so began to tell him
that if the Scots offered due submission to the French King
and their Queen, the Queen, their mistress, would give her
word and promise to the King, whereby he might assure the
French King that the Scots should forthwith acknowledge
their submission without further compulsion, and if any
should refuse the same, the Queen would assist the French
King and his wife. |
| 6. Still the Duke said, What hold shall the French have of
this promise? and here began to talk of hostages that she had
of the French for the matter of Calais, as though he would
have wished the like on her part for this purpose; but he
uttered no such thing in plain terms. He let not to say that
for all the agreement for Calais the Queen was beholden to
the King, adding how much he had stood her in stead in the
time of her sister and since. They answered that she in
honour would never violate her promise, nor leave un
performed that which she should require him to promise for
her; and for all the rest they said she would ever well
acknowledge. |
| 7. Here the Duke entered into particular talk further than
they had heard before of him or any other here. "The Queen"
quoth he, "needed not to have stood in these terms, if she would
have hearkened and believed what was at many and sundry
times told her of the Queen my mistress's Ministers, who
gave her always warning that she should look to herself and
her estate, which was not, nor is, without peril." And so
began to say that the King wished and counselled her to
marry, for the establishment of succession to the realm.
"Yea," quoth he, "the King wished and counselled the Queen
to beware of innovations and alteration of her estate from
that she found it, either in religion or otherwise, to the misliking of the world, and always," quoth he, "the King hath
advised and counselled the Queen as his good sister, taking a
greater care of her and her realm than of his own things.
Yea," quoth he, "how long was it ere the Queen sent any Ambassador to the King?" with much more matter, which they
answered according to their instructions. With this knot he
seemed to leave off and hearken to their answer. "If the
Queen were married," quoth he, "all these things had not come
in question." They answered according to the Queen's letters,
that the King's Ministers had had like talk with her in
general words, but never in particular, and that she would
have been glad to have understood the same, and as willingly
would have followed his advice before all other in the world.
They answered the other points as before, but pressing him
to impart some particulars more of the peril towards the
realm; he answered they had been as often and as particularly
declared by the King's Ministers as he is able to speak. They
asked, if this peril seemed so great and so long known to the
King, how his friendship had appeared in leaving the Queen
unwarned thereof by his letters; adding that the Queen's
letters of November were not answered till Glassion came in
April, and then his declaration was far from the Queen's
expectation. "I have not spoken as I have," quoth he, "as
though we had intelligence with your subjects, or otherwise
known particular peril, but you must think we speak of
experience, and do know the forces of your realm, and how
slenderly the Isle of Wight, Dover, and other places are furnished for defence; so that 8,000 men," quoth he, "at this day
were able to put England to much trouble, and more a great
deal than we would think." Touching the long delay of
answer to her letters, he said he was not privy as not being
at that time with the King. |
| 8. Thus after two great hours' talk seeming to be willing
to end, the writers gave him great thanks that he had so
frankly uttered the King's great favour, and his own good
will towards the Queen. He said he used other manner of
words to them than he did or minded to do with the Ministers
of France; "but to you, "quoth he," I speak as plain as I think;
to the end by knowledge of your estate you may foresee the
same, of the which we have no less care than of our own."
The delaying of advertising the King of the English proceeding against the French he much misliked, and said that
all the Queen imparted to the Bishop of Aquila he wrote as
talk past with her, but never requiring on her behalf the
King's advice in anything. Whereunto they replied as much
as they could. Finally, he said that within three or four
days it could not be but Garcilaso's advertisements of his
proceedings with the French King should arrive; and between
this and then he bade them think what other means might
be devised, and the King and he would also consider the
matter, and so would let them know his resolution for Francesco's despatch towards the Queen. They said that if the King
would confer with him upon the articles received from Throckmorton, which they had delivered him, he would find them
reasonable; which he said he did not so allow, but would not
tell them wherefore. The Duke in his talk made them
understand a proverb of the country. "If the enemy be in
the water to the girdlestede, lend him thy hand to help him
out; if he be in to the shoulders, set hold on him and keep
him down." He meant, if the Queen were able to drive the
French out of Scotland, in avoiding peril to herself, to do it
without asking further counsel or aid. Touching her arms and
title the Duke said he much misliked; he seemed to say that
without great offence the Scottish Queen might be suffered to
carry them with difference; and also he talked as though the
French would look to have some reasonable garrison of their
own nation in Scotland. Thus the Queen may perceive how
many mislikings the King of Spain and his have had with
her proceedings. |
| 9. As touching the bestowing of herself, it appears that the
world lies in expectation thereof, noting how much depends
thereon, whereof they have been driven to hear many other
wise men's judgments in this Court, who are of opinion that
as the same would have excused her of these troubles in hand,
so were it the only means to avoid them at this time and
henceforth. |
| 10. This day, the 19th May, the King sent Courtville, his
secretary for the French tongue, to tell them that he had
advertisement that the French King had condescended to
composition, and written to the King of Spain to appoint
umpires on his side to decide the questions between the
Queen and him; whereupon he said he wrote to the Duchess
of Parma to appoint the same from thence. Forasmuch as
Garcilaso has not advertised since his arrival with the French
King, and that this courier may serve their turn for this time,
they keep Francisco until fresh matter fall out.—Toledo,
9 May 1560. |
| Copy. Endd. Pp. 10. |
May 19. Haynes, p. 312. | 110. Norfolk to the Lords of the Council. (fn. 3) |
| 1. He received this morning the Queen's and their letters
of the 15th inst. The Queen's letter consists of divers things;
first, the number of men that is required for accomplishing
this enterprise; secondly, his going either for a time, or
longer, as to him seems best; thirdly, to do what he could
for contenting Grey, for fear he should take his coming in to
turn to his dishonour; and lastly, she wishes him to advertise
her how these great numbers, levied within his lieutenancy,
have been disposed. |
| 2. For answer to the first; his opinion is that when the
3,000 men arrive from the south parts, and the 3,000 are
levied in his lieutenancy, they, with those left at the camp,
would not amount to so many men, or very few more, than
entered with Grey at his going in. What with death, hurts,
sickness, passports, and deceiving of the Queen, there is less
now by 5,000 men than the Queen paid for at the army's going
out of Berwick. "The pilling and polling of the Queen
will let no true muster to be made. They say it is not the
fashion to be mustered all in a day, and by that means, one
helpeth to deceive the Queen and their country one day, and
another the other day." He begs of them to consider the
weight of this cause, and how near it would touch the realm,
if there should chance another repulse, the time of year being
so far advanced. It is all one charge whether the Queen
have a little army lie long in the field in danger, or a great
one lie but awhile in safety; which is the way to bring this
enterprise to a good pass. The French have taken too good
a heart now to be frightened by bruits. The only way to
abash them now is by power. |
| 3. To the second, for his going into Scotland; whatsoever
the Queen commands he will do; she would not let him go
he is sure, but with a sufficient number of men and all things
necessary, and to be accompanied with wise council; the
choice of which he leaves to their judgment. As the Queen
leaves it to his discretion, either to tarry there or return, he
would rather be torn with wild horses than return after he
has shown his face, leaving his countrymen there to live
and die under his charge, according to his small power. |
| 4. As for comforting Grey, he has done so, and will continue,
as by copy of his letters may appear. |
| 5. For the number of men levied in his lieutenancy, he
will send by the next packet, how, when, and upon what
consideration they have been levied.—Berwick, 19 May 1560.
Signed. |
| Orig., in Railton's hol. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary
Pp. 3. |
May 19. Haynes, p. 313. | 111. Norfolk to Cecil. (fn. 4) |
| Sends herewith a letter directed to him from Grey, and
two from the Laird of Lethington, one to himself and the
other to Cecil, with certain copies of Chaperon's commission
and instructions. Peradventure Cecil would think he has
not done his part in fulfilling the Queen's passport, when he
shall see him [Chaperon] stayed and his packet from the
French King to the Dowager broken up, which the Duke for
his part does not allow, for in all cases he would have Princes'
things more reverenced. States the message which he sent to
Grey by Leeke, under whose safe conduct he sent Chaperon
to Leith. First, the Duke showed him how Chaperon came
under the Queen's protection; therefore if the Lords of the
Congregation would so agree, that he might deliver his letters
and commission unto the Dowager; but if they suspected the
person, then that they would suffer some of the Dowager's
folks to receive the packets without speaking to the messenger.
If these offers were not liked, then the Duke required that
Chaperon might be sent to him as he went in, thinking the
Queen by those means to be sufficiently discharged in honour,
without any hurt by his going in.—Berwick, 19 May 1560.
Signed. |
| Orig. Hol. Add. by Railton. Endd. by Cecil's secretary.
Pp. 2. |
| May 19. | 112. Receipt of John Verburch. |
| John Verburch, merchant of Amsterdam, acknowledges the
receipt of 50 livres 13 sous four deniers Flemish, from
Anthony le Rouge and Nicholas Canderoste, merchants of
Dieppe, for certain ribands sold to them.—19 May 1560.
Signed. |
| Orig. Fr. P. 1. |
| May 20. | 113. Treaty of Cateau Cambresis. |
| Oath of Claude Count de Maure, one of the hostages sent
into England by Francis II., King of France, to the effect
that he will observe all that is required from the French
hostages demanded by the treaty of 2 April 1559.—Greenwich, 20 May 1560. Signed. |
| Orig., upon vellum. Endd. by Cecil. Lat. |
| [May 20.] | 114. The Queen's Debts in Flanders. |
| A note of bonds sent home with Mr. Anthony Stringer due
in May, July, and August; total 759,344 florins. |
| P. 1. |