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| May 21. | 206. The Magdeburg Centuriators to the Queen. |
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| 1. It is now a year since they dedicated the fourth century
of their Ecclesiastical History to her and forwarded it by their
own messenger. (fn. 1) This they did chiefly because in that century
the Emperor of Britain, having embraced Christianity,
abolished all superstitions, and therefore they think that
after so many centuries she ought to know and imitate the
virtues of her predecessor. Have received from the Archbishop of Canterbury her reply, in which she expresses her
approbation of their work, and has promised to help them
with certain books and writings. She has doubtless taken
care to seek out in the different libraries in her kingdom
those books which will be of assistance to them in their
work, which books they beg her to forward. Hope that she
will not only send those which they have asked for, but such
others also as may be useful for their purpose, as Hector
Boethius. Have obtained the Count of Mansfeld's letters
to her, pledging himself for the safe return of the books,
which shall be with interest. The Princes of Saxony would
punish them if the books sustained any damage, and they
have sent a very careful man as messenger by whom the
volumes may be properly transported to Antwerp and thence
to Germany. Beg that she will search for old manuscripts, as
they have no doubt that some must remain in private houses,
in remote monasteries, and obscure places; these they hope
she will order to be collected into one depository. They trust
that the same thing may be done in Scotland, in order
that the ancient records may not be dispersed and injured
as has happened in Germany; since many valuable documents are probably hidden away and afford food for the moths
and worms. For this purpose they hope to be able to send
into England, and perhaps even into Scotland, during the
ensuing summer, a person well acquainted with ancient
manuscripts; thus the books may be preserved, but the
writers beg that they may have a short time allowed to
inspect them and select what may be useful, which being
done they promise to restore them with some spiritual gain.
They ask this more confidently on account of the Archbishop's promise, and because they know that she is more
interested in religion than most other Princes. |
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| 2. None of the Princes of Germany have assisted them,
but only a few private persons, who like the dogs in the
parable of Lazarus, have offered a willing sacrifice. Nevertheless certain malevolent persons have accused them of
hunting for treasure, like that of Crœsus. Even if they were
destitute of all human assistance they would still progress
in their work, although of course it must necessarily be
slow. Although they have many of Wickliffe's writings,
still they desire to have the rest; which, if she will send,
they will endeavour to have printed, as they have already
those of John Huss.—Jena, 21 May 1561. Signed: Matth.
Fl. Illyricus, Johannes Wigandus, Matthæus Judex.
Orig., with three seals. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary.
Lat. Pp. 3. |
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| May 21. | 207. The Magdeburg Centuriators to the Archbishop
of Canterbury. (fn. 2) |
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| 1. Thank him most heartily for presenting the fourth
century of their Ecclesiastical History to the Queen, for
sending her reply, and for giving so favourable an opinion
of their work. His promise in the Queen's name of sending
certain books to them, if they would arrange for their
transport to and fro, was most acceptable. They accordingly send a letter from Count Mansfeld, in which he
engages that any books sent by the Queen, or the Archbishop, shall be safely returned, to whom also the writers
will themselves be bound in all their goods. John Frederick
of Saxony, in whose university they are professors of
theology, will also be able to protect them from any danger.
They have sent their servant to take charge of the books,
and to convey them into Germany. The hope that they
Archbishop will send not only the books about which they
wrote last year, but also others, as Hector Boethius, Leland's
Catalogue, Ponticus Virunnius, etc., which seem likely to be
useful to them. They trust also that the Queen will have collected some ancient records, by the search which they suggested,
and further that she will have discovered in the three kingdoms ancient works, especially those of a dogmatic and
historical nature, containing controversies and ceremonies
of the Church; all of which should be placed in some convenient depository. Hope to be able to send over to him
next summer some skilful man. They have written to the
Queen about Wickliffe, whose writings and those of Huss,
they hope to be able to print in Germany. |
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| 2. With respect to their undertaking, they assure him that
no German noble or Prince has assisted them, but only a few
private persons; they therefore desire that he will not believe
those malevolent persons who say that they are making a large
profit. They are obliged to support at least ten persons for
this work, who make but slow progress. The portion relating
to the fifth century is in the press, and is slightly more bulky
than the fourth. They intend to carry on their work, even
if no one helps them with a farthing. Understand that
they have been accused by some of their adversaries of
spreading false and erroneous doctrine in the churches of
Germany, but no exculpation on their part is necessary.
They therefore simply send the heads of the doctrines
which they teach. As they have always endeavoured to
confute the craft of those who have introduced corruptions into the sincere doctrine of the Gospel, so they are
well aware that the aforesaid malevolent persons do all
they can to alienate all good men from them, and by that
artifice impede the continuation of their history.—Jena, 21
May 1561. Signed: Matthias Fl. Illyricus, Johannes
Wigandus, Matthæus Judex.
Orig., with three seals. Add. Endd. partly by Cecil,
partly by his secretary. Lat. Pp. 7. |
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| May 21. | 208. Throckmorton to the Queen. |
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| 1. On the 12th of May he received her letters of the 7th
by Francis Pitcher, together with one to the Queen of Scotland, crediting Somer to demand the confirmation of the
late treaty made in Scotland. Received also the Council's
answer to the Bishop of Aquila's request for the admission of
the Pope's Nuncio into England, with the reasons that moved
them to the same. According to the Queen's instructions
and the Queen of Scotland's answer from Nancy, that she
would give resolution of the Queen of England's demand,
which the Cardinal of Lorraine also averred by letter, he
sent M. Somer to Rheims, the place appointed, to speak
with the said Queen. At his arrival he understood that
the Queen had fallen sick at Joinville, which staid her coming
to Rheims; he therefore delivered a letter to the Cardinal
of Lorraine, which Throckmorton wrote; a copy whereof he
forwards. Somer told him that he was authorized to come
for the Queen's answer. Thereto the Cardinal replied that
the Queen was sick at Joinville, and that as for himself he
meddled no more in her matters, and would be no more
sought upon for them, but that the Queen would be shortly
at Villers-Cotterets, where Throckmorton might speak with
her. The Duke of Guise, being then with the Cardinal,
affirmed the same. The Cardinal would enter into no further
talk, but said that he would write to Throckmorton. Understanding truly that the Queen will be shortly at VillersCotterets he has thought it meeter to stay the following of
this matter, than to send so far to her. |
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| 2. Forasmuch as he perceives that some, of whom many
hope for great things, go very coldly to work in advancing
God's cause, and the other party is very diligent to impeach
those proceedings, and not forgetting the Pope's and King
of Spain's threatenings and devices to fear such as are not
well assured, as some of the greatest here are, and also to
give her friends to understand her constancy to advance
the thing begun without varying in any jot,—the writer
sent to the King of Navarre a copy of the Council's answer
to the Bishop of Aquila, with message that the Queen wished
him not to be abused with uncertain bruits of her refusal
to admit the Pope's Nuncio, or to send to a General Council.
Has sent the like to the Constable, the Cardinal of Châtillon
and the Prince of Condé, and will impart it to the Admiral.
The King of Navarre answered Mr. Somer that he took it in
good part and would show the reciproque. Thereunto it was
said that Throckmorton would be glad if his friendship were
confirmed by a concurrence between the Queen and him,
especially in matters of religion; and desired to know whether
the King would send his clergy to the Council. He answered
that he thought there should be no General Council at all;
but charged Somer that it should not be known to come from
him. Somer said that seeing the General Council was like
to take none effect, he could well consider how necessary it
was to have a National Council in the realm. The King said
they would do therein as they saw cause, and that it was
very like to be so. |
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| 3. The said answer was also delivered to the Constable,
who said that the Queen might assure herself of him, and
that he took it very kindly that it was sent. The Cardinal
of Châtillon was also very glad to get the true answer, and
said that there were many enemies of the true religion who
daily practised how to overthrow it, but he was persuaded
of her constancy. He also strongly urged the Queen to
further the religion, and seeing she had so many adversaries,
to make a good party, and have good intelligence in Almaine
with the Princes Protestant. For one friend that she has
there she ought to have thirty. Somer answered that she
would take in good part this his frank dealing; and that
as for religion, whatsoever the adversaries may have bruited
the event shall declare her constancy. The Duchess of
Lorraine passing that way, the communication was broken
off. This is the effect of Mr. Somer's doings, so that Throckmorton cannot proceed with the Queen of Scots till her coming
to the Court; in the meantime he has not thought meet
to keep Francis here. |
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| 4. Her friend was not at Court this sacre, but means to
be there about the end of the month, when Throckmorton
will not fail to accomplish her instructions, and assures her
that he will take it right well from her. The King was
sacred at Rheims on the 15th; the Earl of Hertford was
there unknown. The Prince of Condé, the Admiral, the
Duke of Longueville, the Mareschal Montmorency and his
brother Danville, were not at the sacre, because they would
not assist at the Mass. The said Duke is clean fallen from
the other side and from his marriage that was in hand
with the Duke of Guise's daughter; he is now altogether
on this side, which has greatly increased the Protestants,
he being one of the greatest of this realm. For the temporal peers there assisted at the coronation, the King of
Navarre, the Constable, the Dukes of Guise, Nevers, Montpensier, and D'Aumale; for the spiritual, the Archbishop of
Rheims (the Cardinal of Lorraine), and the Bishops of Laon,
Langres, Beauvais (the Cardinal of Châtillon), Chalons, and
Noyon. The Constable has fallen into a gout in his left
foot. At the sacre were the Dowager and the Duke and
Duchess of Lorraine, and M. De Vaudemont, the Duke's
uncle; all come out of Lorraine. The King departed from
Rheims on the 17th, and minds to pass these holidays at
Soissons, and immediately afterwards to come to VillersCotterets, there to continue most part of his time till his
entry into Paris on the 25th July. |
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| 5. The Duke of Savoy means somewhat towards Geneva
and other places, which the Bernites mistrusting begin to
muster in arms. The matter of the valley of Angrogna
is appeased. The Duke of Nemours is gone in post to the
Duke of Savoy, through an unkindness conceived here
against the King of Navarre and others. There is matter
of breach likely to break out shortly between the Princes
Protestant of Almaine and the Bishops, who, by secret practice
of the King of Spain and others of his religion, are allied against
the said Princes, which they mind not to leave so. There
is some bruit that there are truces taken between the King
of Spain and the Turk by sea and land. Yet the Ambassador
of Venice (who visited him yesterday), knew nothing hereof.
The young Duchess of Ferrara is dead. Emanuel Tremellius follows the Court still for answer of his letters that he
brought from the Princes Protestant of Almain. He has
written a letter of such intelligence as he has learnt following
the Court, which Throckmorton sends. The Queen of Scotland has given order that in case the French be shifted from
Dunbar, the Earl of Bothwell shall forthwith enter and keep
it to her use; whereof Elizabeth's friends in Scotland may
have knowledge. |
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| 6. Sues for pardon for Christopher Ashton, who came into
France in Queen Mary's time, and who would fain return
into England. Begs her to show favour to Edward Horsey,
who is about to repair into England. On the 15th there
arrived an Ambassador from the King of Sweden, named
De Mornay; he is appointed to have audience the 28th. She
may be informed of his errand by the Chancellor of Sweden,
who is now with her. Understands that the Queen Mother
labours all she can that those deputed from the provinces
to the Estates may be changed, because in the last assembly
they devised things in her prejudice. There will be somewhat ado at the next assembly in August about the same.—
Paris. 21 May 1561. Signed.
Orig., with seal. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary.
Pp. 9. |
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| May 21. | 209. Orig. draft of the above. |
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| Injured in the outer margin by mice. Endd.: Of Cardinal
Châtillon. By Francisco. Pp. 13. |
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| May 21. | 210. Throckmorton to the Privy Council. |
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| Acknowledges the receipt of their letter of May 7th by
Francisco the courier. Gives the same information as that
contained in his letter of the same date to the Queen, about
Mr. Somers' interviews with the Cardinal of Lorraine, etc.,
the sacre, and the movements of different great personages.
Sends an edict published at the Court in April last, forbidding all men to enter into dispute or reproach. It was also
published in divers other places, but the Parliament of Paris
would not accept it.—Paris, 21 May 1561. Signed.
Orig. Add. Endd. by Cecil. Pp. 6. |
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| May 21. | 211. Throckmorton to Cecil. |
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| 1. Sends his letter of the 16th of May with this. As
things frame it is needful that the Queen should set a good
countenance to fortify her religion and the favourers thereof,
not only at home but abroad, and not to let the mutual
intelligence with her friends in Almain and Scotland be
spared. The time now bids to make good countenance to
the Chancellor of Sweden, and to remember the Cardinal of
Châtillon's advice. Perceives that the Queen of Scotland
will not come home as long as the Queen of England has so
many at her devotion and religion in Scotland, and recommends him to hold there, in order that she may be kept here.
As long as perils come not to proof, they are not dangerous.
Those things are called "building castles in Spain," which he
fears not. Bids him take the opportunity offered of winning
his friends and keeping them, and in nowise delay gratifying
his friends in Scotland, "where it is necessary you animate
them to take good courage unto them, and in nowise to give
place to their adversaries." It stands the Queen upon to
impeach by all means possible that the Papists in Scotland
do not make leagues and confederations, as they have done in
other countries, and which the Queen of Scotland practises
presently, and has therefore caused her ministers to work
love days betwixt the Papists that have heretofore disagreed,
trusting to bring them to league making, offensive and defensive. She reposes great trust in the Earl of Athol, and
desires to make Huntly and him great. Cecil is well
informed that Lord Hume depends wholly on the Earl of
Huntly, and so he must make account of him, unless the gold
or silver hook will otherwise charm him. The honesty of one
to whom he is indebted for his fidelity and pains employed in
his private causes, moves him to desire Cecil to give to John
Cotton, student in the Temple, the office of one of his
feodaries.—Paris, 21 May 1561. Signed. |
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| 2. P.S.—Has written to the Queen of Christopher Ashton
for her grace; he is of a good nature, and a proper serving
man. (fn. 3)
Orig. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. In dorso: Sends
herewith a letter for the Ambassador of Sweden from the new
come Ambassador to this Court. Pp. 4. |
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| May 23. | 212. Lord Grey to Cecil. |
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| Thanks him for his letters of 17th May and the hope of
his repair to Court. His livelihood is endangered by his
absence. Considering the bare misery into which this
garrison was fallen for want of money, it is almost a marvel
to see how quiet the captains have both framed themselves
to employ this mass, and persuaded the soldiers to accept it,
being distributed amongst them for a quarter's pay. Trusts
that the Queen will have a liking of them, for he never
served amongst more honest or quieter men. At the
Treasurer's arrival here with so little money, some rumours
inconvenient were swarming in the soldiers' heads, which
brake forth in bills written and scattered in the streets, the
master deviser and writer whereof is apprehended, and the
rest silenced. For his punishment, they will devise so as all
rumours may be appeased in that behalf. As for the Councillors, he trusts it will appear that they have set aside all
melancholic humours and self-wills. Longs to see Lord
James, for joy of his prosperous return.—Berwick, 23 May
1561. Signed.
Orig. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. On the back:
At Berwick, 23 May, at 7 at night. Pp. 3. |
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| May 24. | 213. Chamberlain to the Queen. |
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| 1. Has lately had occasion to seek access unto the King
upon advice received from certain English merchants arrived
with their ships and merchandises at Bilboa, who state that
they are forbidden to lade with the commodities of the
country back again. Finds that in divers Parliaments held
by the Emperor petition was made for the increase of the
navy, that it should not be lawful for any man to lade hence
in any other than bottoms belonging to the country, whereunto the Emperor assented, with special exception to the
English and the Flemings. Also finds that petition was
made to the Emperor that the traffic between England and
these countries should be free, which was also granted. The
Act made in the last Parliament forbids, without any
exception, all men from lading from hence in any other
bottoms than those of the naturals of these realms. Declared
all this at good length to the King, and reminded him that if
the same should be offered on the Queen's part to his
subjects, it could not but bring misliking in the end. He
furthermore showed the King the great benefits which
redound to both subjects, telling him that whereas fifteen or
sixteen English ships haunted Flanders twice a year, yet
scarce one day in the year was to be found when thirty or
forty sail of Flemish hoys were not to be seen in St. Katherine's pool, as he might have seen at his being in England.
He also alleged that this statute could not in reason extend
against the English ships at Bilboa, which were on their
voyage when the Act was published in Biscay. He begged
him, therefore, to dispense at least with these ten or twelve. |
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| 2. The King willed him to give him remembrances, and he
would communicate it to his Council Royal, to whom he also
desired Chamberlain to declare what he had said. This he
did, and after a good many days was answered that the King
could not break his laws made by Parliament, or dispense
with them, without the general consent of the States.
Finding this answer strange, the writer sought again to
have access to the King, who sent word that he should
declare his mind to the Regent Figueroa, one of his Council,
who after five or six days gave answer in writing that,
notwithstanding the King's good will, he could not break or
dispense with the law. Has done what he could in this
matter, but she may by her letters obtain more. |
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| 3. The occurrences are not great. The King, advertised of
the Turk's preparations towards the Mediterranean and the
Moors' attempts against his forts in Africa, prepares for their
defence. He will be able to put to sea seventy galleys and
certain ships. The Turk has 120 galleys, besides other great
vessels, in readiness, and some say that they are already
abroad. It is said that Oran is already besieged by the
Moors. |
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| 4. The common talk also of the Court is about herself;
whereupon they say the being or not being of England as a
realm of itself for the time to come only depends, all men
inquiring what her determination may be to make of herself.
A while since they had believed that she had bestowed
herself, which opinion, however, they now begin to lose.
They say that the remembrance of God's proceedings in
cutting away that question of title which her ancient enemy
pretended to her realm should make her lose no longer time.
Prays that whatsoever she does may be for her welfare, and
that of her realm and subjects, (whereby the common estimation of England in the world abroad in his time is greatly
decayed,) may be recovered. Reminds her that he is in the
physician's hands, and that his ability fails him to sustain
this charge any longer, being obliged to borrow for his
sustentation faster than his wife can receive of his allowance.
—Toledo, 24 May 1561. Signed.
Orig. Add. Endd. by Cecil. Pp. 5. |
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| May 25. | 214. Throckmorton to Cecil. |
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| 1. Has received Cecil's letter of the 10th on the 23rd by
Lady Throckmorton. As Cecil thinks that he may apply for
his return after the Queen of Scotland has made answer to
the ratification of the treaty, he answers that the answer is
not like to be made shortly, nor to satisfy the Queen's
expectations. She is yet at Joinville. He wrote in his last
that she was somewhat amended, and minded to come to the
Court, but even at the writing hereof he understands that she
is down again, and keeps her bed for the most part. She
admits no man (especially of her own nation) to her speech,
saving physicians. Suspects the less danger of her sickness,
because it is a tertian. |
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| 2. Is glad to understand that the Consuls of Hamburg
have promised to restore the Queen's armour and provisions.
Will travail to send a goldsmith with furniture of such things
as Cecil writes. He must give order for his good usage, and
that such custom as may be demanded of him may be remitted.
Cecil may perceive by his letter of the 16th that he accords
with his opinion for not placing his son with the Admiral.
If his writing were not stayed as Demosthenes' speech was,
he by angina, and Throckmorton as it were by commandment
"not to touch things spoken here to be done there," he
would at this time write unplausibly, and yet he is perplexed
with his own silence.—Paris, 25 May 1561. Signed.
Orig. Hol. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Pp. 3. |
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| May 25. | 215. Florence Diaceto to Cecil. |
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| Is sorry that he is unable to put in execution the purpose
that they formed when they were last together, on account
of the death of the late King; but is ready to serve the
Queen for the future. Sends Cecil a small clock which goes
well, and which he has had engraved and enamelled by one
of the best workmen in Europe. Having heard that he is
building both in London and in the country, informs him
that a quarry of marble equal to that of Rome has been discovered in the Pyrenees, of which the King and Queen and
nobility have purchased upwards of 20,000 crowns worth.
As the owner is a particular friend of his, if Cecil should
desire any of it for chimney pieces, doors, or windows, on
looking at the sketches which he has sent to Mr. Killegrew,
the writer will obtain it for him very cheaply. He has also
asked Mr. Killigrew to show the drawings of the said marbles
to the Queen; if she desires to have any, he will procure
them for her.—Paris, 25 May 1561. Signed.
Orig., with seal. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Fr.
Pp. 3. |
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| May 29. | 216. French Hostage. |
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| Oath of François D'Avaugour, Comte de Chateau-Vilain, one
of the hostages sent into England by Charles King of France,
to the effect that he will observe the articles of the treaty
of 2 April 1559.—Greenwich, 29 May 1561. Signed.
Orig. Endd. by Cecil. Vellum. Lat. |
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| May 31. | 217. The Emperor to the Queen. |
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| 1. Has frequently informed her and the other Princes,
whose subjects navigate the northern seas, that the Czar of
Muscovy was waging war against the Teutonic Order in
Livonia, and of the peril likely to ensue therefrom. For the
last five years that province has endured great calamities,
which daily increase; for the enemy at the commencement
of the war having captured Narva, thereby obtained command
of the river, whereby were removed all obstacles to the safe
ingress and egress of their army into Livonia. Afterwards
they took Derpt and Marienburg, and several other fortified
towns, which they garrisoned, and from thence waged incessant war against the Order and the state of Livonia, overrunning the whole province and slaughtering an infinite number of
both sexes, and seizing all the cattle and goods, and destroying
what they could not take away. |
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| 2. Last summer, with an army of more than 130,000 men,
they ravaged and plundered the province, burning the standing
crops, and killing and capturing an immense number of men,
woman, and children. In the autumn they took the Grand
Master of the Order in a fortified town named Wellin, through
the treachery of the garrison, and sent him into Muscovy,
and they have captured other castles in Esthonia, Harria,
and Wirland. It is not to be thought that the enemy will
be content with these acquisitions. |
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| 3. The writer, desirous to help the Livonians and restrain
the insolence of the enemy, finds that the Muscovites are
greatly encouraged by obtaining from abroad such warlike
stores as they lack, viz., guns, shot, powder, nitre, sulphur,
lead, iron, and the like, provisions, especially salt and
herrings, various goods, as silks and cloth; they have also
obtained artizans and men skilled in warlike matters. He
has therefore given strict orders that no one shall be allowed
to transport arms or victuals into Muscovy, and begs her to
see that none of her subjects go into Muscovy, and most
especially that none transport stores to that country. If she
will do this, she will not only gratify him but also the whole
of the Teutonic Order and have them for her friends.—Vienna,
31 May 1561. Signed: Ferdinandus,—M. Singkhmoser,—Von
Seld.
Orig. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Lat. Pp. 6. |
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| May 31. | 218. Throckmorton to Cecil. |
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| Cecil will surely give order to be advertised of the meaning
of the levy of two regiments of Almaines by the King of
Spain; the bruit is that they are prepared against the Turk
and should be embarked at Genoa or Nice. Has written to
the Queen to know how he shall deal with the Queen of Scots,
if she desires to pass through England home; whereof he desires
to be advertised by the next. Prays him to send the book
of service in Latin used in the Church of England containing
the rites and ceremonies; and in French also, if it be translated. If it be not already turned into Latin and French he
should set some one in hand to do it well and speedily, it
will be also well that something be set forth concerning the
doctrine. The French are desirous to see both, that they may
make a formulary for the Church here, and also to have the
books of all the reformed churches, that they may choose
what shall be best for them. It will be well for Cecil to warn
his aptest learned men to arm themselves to defend modestly
and learnedly their doctrine, if he sends them hither, and to
exercise their Latin, because they cannot speak this tongue.
Thinks that Thomas Smith and Doctor Weston of the Chancery should be employed in this negociation. Sends a
catechism lately made by the Cardinal of Lorraine under
another title. Amongst other things, he has maimed, transposed, and multiplied the commandments.—Paris, 31 May
1561. Signed.
Orig. Hol., with seal. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary.
Pp. 3. |
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| May 31. | 219. —to Shers. |
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| 1. "Our Agatho" has informed him of the departure of
Shers. The Pope has been suffering from gout, which has prevented him from doing more than holding a Consistory for
the purpose of giving their hats to the Cardinals of Aragon,
Cornea, and Naples. He has determined to send the Cardinal
of Ferrara again as Legate into France, in the hope that he
will effect some good results in the affairs of religion. On
Monday next this will be published in the Consistory. |
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| 2. The Portuguese Bishops are arriving in Italy on their
way to Trent; those of Spain have not set out, and probably
never will.—Rome, last of May 1561. Signed. (fn. 4)
Orig. Add. Endd. by Cecil's secretary. Ital. Pp. 3. |
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